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Development of Bioenergy Trade in Four Different Settings – The Role of Potential and Policies

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International Bioenergy Trade

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Energy ((LNEN,volume 17))

Abstract

The provision, use and trade of bioenergy differ significantly between countries. This chapter provides an overview of bioenergy trade worldwide and presents case studies of four national biomass markets – Brazil, Canada, Finland and Germany – showing diverging degrees of biomass use for energy provision and biomass potentials. Since energy policy is considered to be a main driver for the use of biomass for energy generation, an overview of bioenergy policy making in different countries and the resulting impact on trade is given.

Today, dedicated solid biomass and liquid biofuels are the most relevant traded commodities. The expected stronger demand for biomass resources in particular in IEA Bioenergy Task 40 countries by 2020 may induce further trade activities. The majority of the OECD countries has implemented different support schemes primarily for liquid biofuels and power generation from biomass and has set ambitious political targets for bioenergy for the coming decade. Data availability regarding the resource situation is one precondition for a clear target definition for the development of the bioenergy sector. However, this information is often difficult to obtain.

The role of trade in the different countries depends especially on the political support and the specific resource situation, taking into account the overall biomass potential and the expected domestic demand. Hence, for some countries resource limitations can be expected to become relevant when implementing the set national targets for bioenergy. Consequently, this might lead to a comparable higher future import demand for biomass in many OECD countries.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Classification of public policy instruments: financial (investment subsidy, operational subsidy, tax incentive), regulatory (building regulation, quota obligation), standards (fuel quality standard, sustainability standard) (compared with Bemelmans-Videc et al. 2010).

  2. 2.

    Directive 2009/28/EC of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC.

  3. 3.

    COM(2012)595, Proposal for a Directive amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EC and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, 595 p.

  4. 4.

    Defined as land area under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 m in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agriculture production systems.

  5. 5.

    One of the interesting characteristics of the production of bioelectricity from sugarcane bagasse, making it even more attractive, is its complementary nature to hydropower, supplying electricity to the grid during the driest months between May and November.

  6. 6.

    After importing 1.4 billion liters in 2011, exports of ethanol surged in 2012 to the highest volumes since 2009. Exports reached 3.04 billion liters (804 million gallons) in 2012 – the highest level since 2009 (MME 2013).

  7. 7.

    3.04 billion liters (804 million gallons) in 2012 – the highest level since 2009 (MME 2013).

  8. 8.

    Potential demand for Ethanol in the EU in 2020: 14 billion liters (ECN 2011).

  9. 9.

    Potential demand for Advanced Biofuels in the US in 2020: 13.5 billion liters.

  10. 10.

    Population density counted for land area.

  11. 11.

    In Finland, peat has been defined as a slowly renewing biomass fuel (Ministry of Employment and the Economy of Finland 2009). It is not considered a renewable energy source in official statistics and in greenhouse gas accounting.

  12. 12.

    ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether) is an additive that enhances the octane rating of petrol (replacing lead and benzene in unleaded petrol) and reduces emissions. Bio-ETBE is produced by combining bioethanol and fossil isobutylene.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioenergy Systems, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH – DBFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany

    Daniela Thrän

  2. Bioenergy Systems, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH – DBFZ, Leipzig, Germany

    Christiane Hennig

  3. Canadian Forest Service – Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada, Quebec, Canada

    Evelyne Thiffault

  4. Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Varkaus, Finland

    Jussi Heinimö

  5. Department of Biofuels, Argos, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Onofre Andrade

Authors
  1. Daniela Thrän
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  2. Christiane Hennig
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  3. Evelyne Thiffault
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  4. Jussi Heinimö
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  5. Onofre Andrade
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Correspondence to Daniela Thrän .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Copernicus Instituut of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Martin Junginger

  2. Copernicus Instituut, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Chun Sheng Goh

  3. Copernicus Instituut, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    André Faaij

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Thrän, D., Hennig, C., Thiffault, E., Heinimö, J., Andrade, O. (2014). Development of Bioenergy Trade in Four Different Settings – The Role of Potential and Policies. In: Junginger, M., Goh, C., Faaij, A. (eds) International Bioenergy Trade. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6982-3_4

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