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Osmoregulation and Excretion

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Physiological, Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Marine Pollution

Abstract

Maintaining a constant internal chemical environment (homeostasis) is a critical physiological activity that is particularly important in certain taxa living in fluctuating environments such as estuaries and in those that migrate between fresh- and salt water. Stress, such as exposure to contaminants, typically causes a disruption of this activity, which involves primarily the gills. The ability to ionoregulate or to osmoregulate (mostly Na and Cl regulation) following exposure to stress decreased in most of the species studied with most of the contaminants. Concomitant with osmoregulation is the necessity to excrete ammonia, a waste product of protein metabolism; this activity may be either enhanced or depressed by contaminants and is affected by salinity and whether the animals are fed or not. Increased excretion rates reflect increased reliance on protein metabolism.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA

    Judith S. Weis

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Weis, J.S. (2014). Osmoregulation and Excretion. In: Physiological, Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Marine Pollution. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6949-6_4

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