Elements of Demographic Analysis

Farhat Yusuf; Jo. M. Martins; David A. Swanson

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6784-3_4

Methods of Demographic Analysis pp 59-95 | Cite as

Elements of Demographic Analysis

Authors
Authors and affiliations

Farhat Yusuf
Jo. M. Martins
David A. Swanson

Chapter

First Online: 28 May 2013

3.3k Downloads

Abstract

This chapter opens with the description and enunciation of one of the basic population models: the balancing equation. This is used to introduce and elaborate the concepts of demographic stocks and flows. Methods of estimating population growth rates are given and interpolation and extrapolation are discussed. Examples of the application of these methods are given. Different types of crude rates are defined such as the crude birth, death and migration rates. As in the previous and following cases application of these measures are shown with data from a variety of countries. This is followed by an explanation of cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in demography and the use of related synthetic measures, and why some rates are labelled as crude. Rates related to certain characteristics of the individuals are specified. For example, sex ratios at birth and given ages, child to woman, child to old and dependency ratios. The measurement of population density and distribution is shown. In addition, the estimation of indexes of redistribution and concentration is illustrated. Standardisation techniques are presented, in the context of the direct and indirect methods. Graphic representation of demographic data is featured with the use of population pyramids.

Keywords

Population Growth Rate Dependency Ratio Crude Death Rate Standard Population Crude Rate

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, to check access.

Appendix 4.1 Input Data for Standardization and Pyramids

Table A4.1

Input data for standardization: England and two regions, 2008

Age group	England (standard)	North East region	South East region
	Estimated population in mid-2008 (rounded to the nearest 100)
0–4	3,129,300	144,400	497,700
5–14	5,904,000	284,800	985,300
15–34	13,562,600	666,000	2,075,400
35–64	20,565,300	1,044,000	3,419,000
65+	8,285,300	436,500	1,402,400
All ages	51,446,500	2,575,700	8,379,800
	Deaths during 2008
0–4	3,699	142	498
5–14	594	34	79
15–34	6,843	424	878
35–64	70,790	4,292	10,251
65+	393,837	22,494	64,211
All ages	475,763	27,386	75,917
	Age-specific mortality rates per person p.a.
0–4	0.00118205	0.00098338	0.00100060
5–14	0.00010061	0.00011938	0.00008018
15–34	0.00050455	0.00063664	0.00042305
35–64	0.00344221	0.00411111	0.00299825
65+	0.04753443	0.05153265	0.04578651
Crude death rates	0.00924776	0.01063245	0.00905952

Source: United Kingdom (2009)

Note: The data available from the source listed consisted of deaths and death rates by age and sex for England and the two regions as shown in the middle and the last panel of Table A4.1. Using procedure 1 outlined in Box 4.1, the authors estimated the population of England and the two regions. These estimates are given in the top panel of Table A4.1

Table A4.2

Estimated population by age and sex for Brazil, Indonesia, Senegal and Sri Lanka: 2010

Age group	Brazil		Indonesia		Senegal		Sri Lanka
Age group	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
0–4	7,016,987	6,779,172	11,658,856	11,013,204	1,040,234	1,020,301	892,000	863,000
5–9	7,624,144	7,345,231	11,970,804	11,276,366	843,592	813,300	922,000	895,000
10–14	8,725,413	8,441,348	11,659,310	11,018,180	759,199	727,242	943,000	916,000
15–19	8,558,868	8,432,002	10,610,119	10,260,967	707,601	689,538	1,015,000	988,000
20–24	8,630,227	8,614,963	9,881,969	9,996,448	611,192	617,779	974,000	968,000
25–29	8,460,995	8,643,418	10,626,458	10,673,629	498,183	530,596	799,000	832,000
30–34	7,717,657	8,026,855	9,945,211	9,876,989	382,180	409,186	779,000	801,000
35–39	6,766,665	7,121,916	9,333,720	9,163,782	307,879	345,142	758,000	780,000
40–44	6,320,570	6,688,797	8,319,453	8,199,015	242,441	283,409	707,000	718,000
45–49	5,692,013	6,141,338	7,030,168	7,005,784	191,839	228,017	615,000	635,000
50–54	4,834,995	5,305,407	5,863,756	5,693,103	163,550	175,192	554,000	572,000
55–59	3,902,344	4,373,875	4,398,805	4,046,531	135,401	142,325	390,000	427,000
60–64	3,041,034	3,468,085	2,926,073	3,130,238	95,714	115,322	297,000	312,000
65–69	2,224,065	2,616,745	2,224,273	2,467,877	68,563	78,521	225,000	260,000
70+	3,891,013	5,349,657	3,181,938	4,188,300	129,683	143,179	379,000	437,000
Total	190,755,799		237,641,326		12,496,300		20,653,000

Source: United Nations (2012)

Table A4.3

Estimated population by age and sex for Italy, Japan, Australia and Canada: 2010

Age group	Italy		Japan		Australia		Canada
Age group	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
0–4	1,462,208	1,382,445	2,767,000	2,626,000	749,611	711,477	963,446	914,714
5–9	1,456,435	1,377,855	2,868,000	2,731,000	701,203	664,544	928,386	928,386
10–14	1,441,015	1,357,979	3,038,000	2,891,000	719,763	684,015	992,060	992,060
15–19	1,527,934	1,439,427	3,100,000	2,956,000	770,614	730,396	1,140,059	1,140,059
20–24	1,591,662	1,526,730	3,483,000	3,312,000	849,732	799,927	1,214,756	1,214,756
25–29	1,766,298	1,738,236	3,796,000	3,629,000	844,968	820,295	1,212,138	1,212,138
30–34	2,118,717	2,084,846	4,230,000	4,107,000	768,096	765,947	1,150,687	1,150,687
35–39	2,418,876	2,392,841	4,915,000	4,797,000	802,527	813,524	1,153,074	1,153,074
40–44	2,483,227	2,474,690	4,366,000	4,304,000	772,142	780,524	1,219,633	1,219,633
45–49	2,307,605	2,343,039	3,988,000	3,953,000	781,143	793,910	1,405,280	1,405,280
50–54	1,988,299	2,058,869	3,821,000	3,836,000	726,885	743,491	1,306,535	1,306,535
55–59	1,803,643	1,901,099	4,330,000	4,423,000	655,993	670,020	1,128,182	1,128,182
60–64	1,782,949	1,906,934	4,813,000	5,026,000	604,200	608,337	965,010	965,010
65–69	1,493,194	1,669,995	3,944,000	4,323,000	450,385	459,127	712,574	712,574
70+	3,645,341	5,397,940	8,600,000	12,478,000	926,992	1,172,610	1,425,462	1,748,382
Total	60,340,328		127,451,000		22,342,398		34,108,752

Source: United Nations (2012)

Appendix 4.2 Population Pyramids

The following pyramids are based on the percentages of the total population calculated from the data shown in Table A4.2.

The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Lucky Tedrow of Washington State University in preparing the population pyramids included in this chapter.

Fig. A4.1
Population pyramid for Brazil, 2010

Fig. A4.2
Population pyramid for Indonesia, 2010

Fig. A4.3
Population pyramid for Senegal, 2010

Fig. A4.4
Population pyramid for Sri Lanka, 2010

Fig. A4.5
Population pyramid for Italy, 2010

Fig. A4.6
Population pyramid for Japan, 2010

Fig. A4.7
Population pyramid for Australia, 2010

Fig. A4.8
Population pyramid for Canada, 2010

References

Ahmad, O. B., Boschi-Pinto, C., Lopez, A. D., Murray, C. J. L., Lozano, R., & Inoue, M. (2001). Age standardization of rates: A new WHO standard (GPE Discussion Paper Series: No. 31). Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper31.pdf. Accessed Feb 2013.
Australia. (2010). 2009–10 year book Australia (Catalogue No. 1301.0). Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/AC72C92B23B6DF6DCA257737001B2BAB/$File/13010_2009_10.pdf. Accessed Feb 2013.
Australia. (2012). September quarter 2011 Australian demographic statistics (Catalogue No. 3101.0). Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/FEB6A31EE56FD01ACA2579CF000F9B57/$File/31010_sep%202011.pdf. Accessed Feb 2013.
Benewick, R., & Donald, S. (2009). The state of China atlas: Mapping the world’s fastest-growing economy (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: The University of California Press.Google Scholar
India. (2011). Census 2011. Provisional population totals, paper 1 of 2011 India series 1. Chapter 7, density of population. New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_results_paper1_india.html. Accessed Feb 2013.
India. (undated). India statistics – India an overview. Chapter 2. Area and population. New Delhi: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/India_Statistics.aspx?status=1&menu_id=14. Accessed Feb 2013.
Swanson, D. A., & Stephan, G. E. (2004). Glossary. In J. Siegel & D. A. Swanson (Eds.), The methods and materials of demography (2nd ed., pp. 751–786). San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. (2009). Mortality statistics: Deaths registered in England and Wales (Series DR), 2008. Newport: Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/vsob1/mortality-statistics--deaths-registered-in-england-and-wales--series-dr-/2008/index.html. Accessed Feb 2013.
United Nations. (2009). Demographic yearbook, 2008. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008.htm. Accessed Feb 2013.
United Nations. (2012). Demographic yearbook 2009–10. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010.htm. Accessed Feb 2013.
United States. (2007). The 2007 statistical abstract. Washington, DC: Census Bureau. www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2007/2007edition.html. Accessed Feb 2013.

Copyright information

Authors and Affiliations

Farhat Yusuf
- 1
- 2
Jo. M. Martins
- 2
David A. Swanson
- 3

1.Menzies Centre for Health Policy Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
2.Department of Marketing and Management Faculty of Business and EconomicsMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeAustralia
3.Department of Sociology College of Humanities, Arts and Social SciencesUniversity of California RiversideRiversideUSA

Elements of Demographic Analysis

Abstract

Keywords

References

Copyright information

Authors and Affiliations

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter