Abstract
Language is a primary medium of social behavior and, as such, deserves center stage in the panoply of social psychological topics. This chapter explores the social psychology of language by reviewing scholarship that highlights how people use language to perform social actions. This approach goes against a tradition that sees spoken language primarily in terms of the conduit metaphor or only as a vehicle for communication. The authors review speech act theory (in philosophy) and pose the “mapping problem” (Levinson, Pragmatics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983) or how actions are linked to particular utterances. They then review different perspectives including sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, Goffmanian sociology, discursive psychology, and ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. Discussion includes, for each of these perspectives, methodological procedures, including approaches to the relation between talk and social structure. Ever more realms of language use related to social psychology are coming under the microscope and set an agenda for further study.
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Notes
- 1.
A formerly influential variant of the communicational view of language is the famous Sapir-Whorf, or linguistic relativity, hypothesis. Benjamin Whorf, a student of the anthropologist Edward Sapir, studied the languages of American Indians and other groups, and argued that these languages conditioned the members’ life experiences. The Whorfian hypothesis suggests an iconic relation between language and thought—i.e., that language determines thought. Early on, Lennenberg (1953) and Brown (1958) pointed out the logical flaws in this proposition. For a more recent critique, see Pinker (1994: Chapter 3).
- 2.
The source here is a transcript entitled “Virginia,” and the utterance is on page 27 at lines 27–28.
- 3.
For a critical view of sociolinguistics from a sociological perspective, see Williams (1992).
- 4.
Grimshaw (1974, p. 80) reviews the early literature comprehensively and suggests that sociolinguistics is a “hybrid discipline” that is “largely atheoretical.”
- 5.
For a recent conversation analytic approach to emotion and emotion display in talk, see Peräkylä and Sorjonen (2012).
- 6.
- 7.
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Maynard, D.W., Turowetz, J. (2013). Language Use and Social Interaction. In: DeLamater, J., Ward, A. (eds) Handbook of Social Psychology. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_9
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