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Bone Grease Rendering in Mousterian Contexts: The Case of Noisetier Cave (Fréchet-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées, France)

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Book cover Zooarchaeology and Modern Human Origins

Part of the book series: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology ((VERT))

Abstract

Fat is essential for hunter-gatherers with a diet relying heavily on meat. It is particularly valued in temperate and subarctic environments during seasons when ungulates are fat-depleted. Techniques for extracting marrow from the medullae of limb bones were used early on by Plio-Pleistocene hominids, while techniques to mobilize the fat contained in cancellous bones may have emerged in the Upper Paleolithic. Analyses of the Mousterian archaeofauna of Noisetier Cave indicate that bone fat extraction could have already existed in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Determination by Boudadi Maligne.

  2. 2.

    76 % of these remains are less than 2 cm long.

  3. 3.

    Tooth fragments excluded.

  4. 4.

    Tooth fragments excluded.

  5. 5.

    The Normed NISPs (NNISP) represent “the skeletal part NISP values divided by the number of times the relevant part occurs in the skeleton of the animal involved” (Grayson and Frey 2004, p. 31). For %NNISP, the highest NNISP is set to 100 % and the rest of the NNISP values are scaled to that figure.

  6. 6.

    When the marrow is extracted.

  7. 7.

    Excavated by Gilles from 1977 to 1988.

  8. 8.

    Excavated by de Lumley from 1955 to 1969.

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Acknowledgments

I wish thank to Céline Thiébaut and Vincent Mourre for the spatial distribution figures. The non recorded bone objects were counted by Nadia Cavanhié and Laurianne Streit thanks to financing from the French Ministry of Culture. My sincere gratitude to John Speth for all the constructive discussions that we have had on this subject. The translation of this paper was realized by Magen O’Farrell.

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  1. TRACES-UMR 5608, CNRS, PRES Toulouse, Université Toulouse 2 – Le Mirail, 5 Allées A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex 9, France

    Sandrine Costamagno

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  1. Sandrine Costamagno
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Correspondence to Sandrine Costamagno .

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  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Arkansas, USA

    Jamie L. Clark

  2. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    John D. Speth

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Costamagno, S. (2013). Bone Grease Rendering in Mousterian Contexts: The Case of Noisetier Cave (Fréchet-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées, France). In: Clark, J., Speth, J. (eds) Zooarchaeology and Modern Human Origins. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6766-9_13

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