Abstract
In the age of globalization, it is quite easy for events at one end of the world to affect decisions at other ends of the world. This explains why events in some parts of the world, notably in Africa and other developing regions, shape policies in Europe and vice versa. Migration, which has been described as a global process given its ubiquitous nature, has shaped a number of policies by the European Union (EU) in the recent past. The Europeanization of migration, which entailed that countries in Western Europe became destination points for other countries from Eastern Europe and Africa, began after the fall of the Iron Curtain (Neisser 2010:106). The EU came up with the policy of free mobility among the Schengen States in the early 1990s and in 1995, has tightened its visa regimes for third country citizens, with increased securitization of its external borders. This has a concomitant effect on migration in other parts of the world, especially in Africa where most migrants have had to resort to irregular means of entering Europe.
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Notes
- 1.
For example, in 1999, the government of Spain set up a series of fixed and mobile detection devices for early detection of vessels transporting irregular migrants combined with arrangements for the rapid deployment of interception units. The device is known as the Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia Exterior (SIVE) (UNODC 2011b:19).
- 2.
Interview with Director of Counseling and Rehabilitation National Agency for Prohibition in Traffic in Persons and other Related Matters (NAPTIP, 15th September 2011).
- 3.
Interview with a returnee migrant in Benin City, Nigeria (The anonymous returnee was interviewed at the National Agency for Prohibition in Traffic in Persons and other Related Matters (NAPTIP) office in Benin City Nigeria. 20th September 2011).
- 4.
Interview with the Comptroller of Immigrations at the Nigerian Immigrations Service, Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria 13th September 2011.
- 5.
Interviews with project directors of Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation (WOTCLEF), Abuja 15th September 2011; and Idia Renaissance, Benin City, Nigeria. 20th September 2011.
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Ikuteyijo, L. (2014). The Impact of European Union Migration Policies on Irregular Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Walton-Roberts, M., Hennebry, J. (eds) Territoriality and Migration in the E.U. Neighbourhood. International Perspectives on Migration, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6745-4_7
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