Abstract
Research shows that enforcement measures and human smuggling industries tend to escalate in symbiotic fashion: as one intensifies, so too does the other (Koser 2001; Nadig 2002; Hiemstra 2012). Over the last several years, the cat and mouse games between government authorities who enforce borders and transnational migrants seeking to enter the European Union in an illicit fashion have intensified. In 2011, EU and member state authorities recorded 141,000 irregular border crossings into the EU. They countered this 35 % increase of irregular crossings with nearly 200 operations by land, air and sea, and by returning more than 150,000 persons (Frontex 2012: 4).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andrijasevic, R. (2006). How to balance rights and responsibilities on asylum at the EU’s southern border of Italy and Libya (Working paper, vol. 27). http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/Workingpapers/RutficaAndrijasevicWP0627.pdf
Andrijasevic, R. (2010). From exception to excess: Detention and deportations across the Mediterranean space. In N. De Genova & N. Peutz (Eds.), The deportation regime: Sovereignty, space, and the freedom of movement (pp. 147–165). Durham: Duke University Press.
Betts, A. (2004). The international relations of the ‘new’ extraterritorial approaches to refugee protection: Explaining the policy initiatives of the UK Government and UNHCR. Refuge, 22(1), 58–70.
Boswell, C. (2003). The external dimension of EU immigration and asylum policy. International Affairs, 79(3), 619–638.
Carling, J. (2007). Unauthorized migration from Africa to Spain. International Migration, 45(4), 3–37.
Cuttitta, P. (2011, December 15–17). Borderizing the Island: Setting and narratives of the Lampedusa border play. Unpublished paper presented at Fences, networks, people: Exploring the EU/Africa borderland. Pavia: University of Pavia.
De Haas, H. (2006, November 1). Trans-Saharan migration to North Africa and the EU: Historical roots and current trends. http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/print.cfm?ID=484
Euractiv. (2011, January 24). Court exposes appalling detention conditions in Greece. http://www.euractiv.com/en/justice/court-exposes-appalling-detention-conditions-greece-news-501500. Accessed 2 Mar 2011.
European Union: Council of the European Union. (2008, September 24). European pact on immigration and Asylum, Brussels (13189/08 ASIM 68). http://register.consilium.europa.edu/pdf/en/08/st13/st13440.en08.pdf
Frontex. (2012, April). Risk Analysis Unit. In Annual Risk Analysis 2012, Warsaw. http://www.frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/Annual_Risk_Analysis_2012.pdf
Guardian. (2006, September 9). Immigration: West Africans are paying hundreds of pounds for a perilous, 1,200-mile trip by open boat: The D-day package from Senegal to Spain (p. 27).
Guardian. (2008, July 4). Lampedusa’s migrants. http://www.guardian.co.uk
Hiemstra, N. (2012). The view from Ecuador: Security, insecurity, and chaotic geographies of U.S. migrant detention and deportation. Doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University.
Human Rights Watch. (2008). Stuck in a revolving door: Iraqis and other asylum seekers and migrants at the Greece/Turkey entrance to the European Union. http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/greeceturkey1108web_0.pdf. Last accessed 19 July 2012.
Human Rights Watch. (2011). The EU’s dirty hands: Frontex involvement in ill-treatment of migrant detainees in Greece. www.hrw.org. http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/greece0911webwcover_0.pdf
Hyndman, J., & Mountz, A. (2008). Another brick in the wall? Neo-refoulement and the externalization of Asylum in Australia and Europe. Government and Opposition, 43(2), 259–269.
Klepp, S. (2010). A contested asylum system: The European union between refugee protection and border control in the Mediterranean Sea. European Journal of Migration and Law, 12, 1–21.
Koser, K. (2001). Asylum policies, trafficking and vulnerability. International Migration, 38(3), 91–109.
Lutterbeck, D. (2009). Small Frontier Island: Malta and the challenge of irregular migration. Mediterranean Quarterly, 20(1), 119–144.
Médecins Sans Frontieres. (2004, October 3). Press release. http://www.msf.org/msfinternational/invoke.cfm?objectid=C3AF4DOF-DDCB-4191-96A8FD95DC0491BA&component=toolkit.pressrelease&method=full_html
Medecins Sans Frontieres. (2011). From North Africa to Italy: Seeking refuge, finding suffering. Special Report. http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2011/MSF_From%20North%20Africa%20to%20Italy.pdf
Migrants at Sea. (2011). http://migrantsatsea.wordpress.com/2011/06/13/42000-migrant-landings-in-italy-in-first-5-months-of-2011/
Mountz, A. (2011). The enforcement archipelago: Detention, haunting, and asylum on islands. Political Geography, 30, 118–128.
Mountz, A., & Hiemstra, N. (2012). Spatial strategies for rebordering human migration at sea. In T. Wilson & H. Donnan (Eds.), A companion to border studies (pp. 455–472). Oxford: Blackwell.
Nadig, A. (2002). Human smuggling, national security, and refugee protection. Journal of Refugee Studies, 15(1), 1–25.
Parkes, R., & Angenendt S. (2009, January). The re-nationalization of migration policy-making? EU cooperation after the immigration pact (Working paper). Berlin: SWP Berlin. http://swp-berlin.org/common/get_document.php?asset_id=5681
Schuster, L. (2005). The realities of a new asylum paradigm (COMPAS Working Paper No. 20). University of Oxford, Policy Documentation Centre. http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/files/Publications/working_papers/WP_2005/Liza%20Schuster%20wp0520.pdf
Spiegel Online. (2011). European leaders struggle with wave of Tunisian migrants. http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,druck-745669,00.html. Accessed 24 Feb 2011.
Times of Malta. (2011, November 14). UNHCR comments give the wrong impression – AFM. http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20111114/local/unhcr-comments-give-the-wrong-impression-afm.393791
van Houtum, H. (2010). Human blacklisting: The global apartheid of the EU’s external border regime. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28, 957–976.
Van Moppes, D. (2006). The African migration movement: Routes to Europe (Working papers Migration and Development Series, Report No. 5). Research Group Migration and Development, Department of Human Geography, Radboud University, Nijmegen.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mountz, A., Kempin, R. (2014). The Spatial Logics of Migration Governance Along the Southern Frontier of the European Union. In: Walton-Roberts, M., Hennebry, J. (eds) Territoriality and Migration in the E.U. Neighbourhood. International Perspectives on Migration, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6745-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6745-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6744-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6745-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)