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Mediterranean Oak Woodland Working Landscapes pp 213–243Cite as

Effects of Management on Biological Diversity and Endangered Species

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Part of the book series: Landscape Series ((LAEC,volume 16))

Abstract

High biodiversity in Spanish and California woodlands is due to the intermixing of habitat types and habitat elements. Dehesa management in Spain creates a mosaic of vegetation that includes trees, shrubs, and grasslands. Maintaining this diversity requires control of invasive shrubs, but sustaining the woodlands calls for periodic management to permit an encroachment of shrubs that foster oak regeneration. Californian oak woodlands are also high in biodiversity, but have been managed far less intensively, largely for acorns and game in the pre-contact period and for livestock grazing and game in current times. Shrub invasion is slower and less common than in Spain. The impacts of livestock on oak regeneration seems to vary across California’s very heterogeneous climatic and soil conditions. Just as biodiversity supports the multifunctional dehesa economy, the possibilities of income generation from biodiversity may be crucial to the sustenance of California oak woodland ranches, reducing conversion to intensive agriculture and urbanization.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank M Bugalho, KL Purcell, WD Koenig, and GA Giusti for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. Constructive discussion during the last ten years with F Pulido, J Carranza and P Campos, among others, was essential for the development of the ideas presented here on the future of dehesas. MD Hardy, WD Koenig, KL Purcell and and TJ Swiecki provided valuable discussion on the topics presented in the California oak woodland section. MA Hardy prepared the final tables and figures, and helped with the editing of a late draft of the manuscript. RE Larsen provided literature for the livestock grazing paragraph. This paper is a contribution to the projects QLK5–CT–2002–01495 and FP7–KBBE–2008–227161 (European Union V and VII Framework Programs), 096/2002 and 003/2007 (Spanish Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales) and REN2003–07048/GLO, CGL2009-08430, CGL2010-22180-03-03 and CSD2008–00040 (Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología), as well as to the thematic network GlobiMed. Appreciation is expressed to the University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, for allowing the time to complete the manuscript, and to the University of California Cooperative Extension Office, San Luis Obispo, for supporting the writing of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (BGC-MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Serrano 115bis, E-28006, Madrid, Spain

    Mario Díaz

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 2156 Sierra Way, Suite C, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA

    William D. Tietje

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA

    Reginald H. Barrett

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  1. Mario Díaz
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  2. William D. Tietje
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  3. Reginald H. Barrett
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Correspondence to Mario Díaz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institute of Public Goods and Policies, Spanish National Research Council, Albasanz 26-28, Madrid, 28037, Madrid, Spain

    Pablo Campos

  2. , Dept. Environ. Sci. Policy Manage., University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall MC 3114, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA

    Lynn Huntsinger

  3. , Institute of Public Goods and Policies, Spanish National Research Council, Albasanz 26-28, Madrid, 28037, Madrid, Spain

    Jose Luis Oviedo Pro

  4. , Department of Geography, University of Nevada at Reno, MacKay Science Mail Stop, Reno, 89557, Nevada, USA

    Paul F Starrs

  5. , Biogeography and Global Change, Spanish National Research Council, Serrano 115 bis, Madrid, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Mario Diaz

  6. , Dept of Environ Sci Policy and Manage, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall MC 3114, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA

    Richard B Standiford

  7. , Centro de Investigación Forestal, Inst Nacl Invest Tecnol Agrar Aliment, Ctra. de La Coruña, km 7.5, Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Gregorio Montero

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Díaz, M., Tietje, W.D., Barrett, R.H. (2013). Effects of Management on Biological Diversity and Endangered Species. In: Campos, P., et al. Mediterranean Oak Woodland Working Landscapes. Landscape Series, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6707-2_8

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