Skip to main content

Clays as Neutralizers against Environmental Protection

  • Chapter
  • 2931 Accesses

Abstract

To understand the role of clays in nature and their beneficial effects, it is important to have the preliminary knowledge about origin of clays and their transformation in nature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Further Reading

  • Adu-Wusu, K., Whang, J.M. and McDevitt, M.F. (1997). Modification of clay-based waste containment materials. Land Contamination & Reclamation, 5: 171–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bain, D.C. and Griffen, D.T. (2002). Possible effects of land use on the clay mineralogy of a brown forest soil. Clay Minerals, 37: 663–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bain, D.C., Mellor, A. and Wilson, M.J. (1990). Nature and origin of an aluminous vermiculitic weathering product in acid soils from upland catchments in Scotland. Clay Minerals, 25: 467–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beall, G.W. (1984). Method of breaking emulsions; absorption of a quaternary ammonium exchanged clay in wastewater. U.S. Patent 4,470,912.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beall, G.W. (1985a). Process for treating organic contaminated water; organoclay absorption column followed by active carbon. U.S. Patent 4,517,094.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beall, G.W. (1985b). Method of removing organic contaminants from aqueous compositions; absorption with reaction product of clay and quaternary ammonium salt. U.S. Patent 4,549,590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, H., Middleton, G. and Murray, R. (1980). Origin of sedimentary rocks (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 766 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, S.A., Lee, J.F. and Mortland, M.M. (1988a). Attenuating organic contaminant mobility by soil modification. Nature, 333: 345–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, S.A., Mortland, M.M. and Chiou, C.T. (1988b). Sorption characteristics of organic compounds on hexadecyltrimethylammonium-smectite. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52: 652–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brixie, J.M. and Boyd, S.A. (1994). Treatment of contaminated soils with organoclays to reduce leachable pentachlorophenol. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23: 1283–1290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, U. (1970). Removal of radioisotopes from liquid wastes by sorption in local minerals. NTIS. BARC-454, 29pp. (Water Resources Abstract No. 7109517).

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchman, G.J. (2002). Formation of complexes between bentonite and different cationic polyelectrolytes and their use as sorbents for non-ionic and anionic pollutants. Applied Clay Science, 21: 177–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Churchman, G.J., Gates, W.P., Theng, B.K.G. and Yuan, G. (2006). Clays and clay minerals for pollution control. In: Handbook of Clay Science. F. Bergaya, B.K.G. Theng and G. Lagaly (eds). Developments in Clay Science, 1: 625–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cioffi, R., Costanzo, S., Maffucci, L. and Santoro, L. (2001a). Adsorption of the organic fraction of a tannery sludge by means of organophilic bentonite. Environmental Technology, 22: 83–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eberl, D.D. (1984). Clay mineral formation and transformation in rocks and soils. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A311: 241–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, W.P. and Slade, P.G. (2001). Removal of toxins from water. Australian Patent No. PCT/ AU01/00586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grim, R.E. (1962). Applied Clay Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, S. (1995). Erosion, sedimentation and sedimentary origin of clays. In: Velde, B. (ed.). Origin and mineralogy of clays. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaynes, W.F. and Vance, G.F. (1996). BTEX sorption by organo-clays: cosorptive enhancement and equivalence of interlayer complexes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60: 1742–1749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemnetz, S. and Cody, C.A. (1996). Oil spill flocculating agent and method of remediating oil spills. U.S. Patent 5,558,777.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokai, T. (1975). Japanese Patent Application. 25: 489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komarneni, S., Kodama, T., Paulus, W.J. and Carlson, C. (2000). Synthetic clay excels in Sr-90 removal. Journal of Materials Research, 15: 1254–1256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komarneni, S., Kozai, N. and Paulus, W.J. (2001). Superselective clay for radium uptake. Nature, 410: 771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagaly, G. (1995). Surface and interlayer reactions: bentonites as adsorbents. In: Churchman, G.J., Fitzpatrick, R.W., Eggleton, R.A. (eds). Clays: Controlling the Environment. Proceedings of the 10th International Clay Conference. Adelaide, Australia, 1993. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J.F., Crum, J.R. and Boyd, S.A. (1989b). Enhanced retention of organic contaminants by soils exchanged with organic cations. Environmental Science and Technology, 23: 1365–1372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., Velde, B. and Li, D. (2003). Loss of K-bearing clay minerals in flood-irrigated, rice-growing soils in Jiangxi Province, China. Clays and Clay Minerals, 51: 75–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, I.M.C. and Yang, X.Y. (2001). Laboratory investigation of the migration of hydrocarbons in organobentonite. Environmental Science and Technology, 35: 620–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBride, M.B. and Mortland, M.M. (1973). Segregation and exchange properties of alkylammonium ions in a smectite and vermiculite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 21: 323–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millot, G. (1970). Geology of clays. Springer-verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R.J., Williams, D.E., Luu, H.A., Holmes, C.F.B., Andersen, R.J. and Calvert, S.E. (2000). The adsorption of mycrocystin-LR by natural clay particles. Toxicon, 38: 303–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metwally, A.I., Mashhady, A.S., Falatah, A.M. and Reda, M. (1993). Effect of pH on zinc adsorption and solubility in suspensions of different clays and soils. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenerna ¨hrung und Bodenkunde, 156: 131–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, R.H.S. (1986). Fuller’s Earth: A History of Calcium Montmorillonite. Volturna Press, Hythe, Kent.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharmasarkar, S., Jaynes, W.F. and Vance, G.F. (2000). BTEX sorption by montmorillonite organo-clays: TMPA, ADAM, HDTMA. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 119: 257–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng, G.Y. and Boyd, S.A. (1998). Relation of water and neutral organic compounds in the interlayers of mixed Ca/trimethylphenylammonium-smectites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 46: 10–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng, G.Y., Xu, S.H. and Boyd, S.A. (1996a). Cosorption of organic contaminants from water by hexadecyltrimethylammonium-exchanged clays. Water Research, 30: 1483–1489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng, G.Y., Xu, S.H. and Boyd, S.A. (1996b). Mechanism(s) controlling sorption of neutral organic contaminants by surfactant-derived and natural organic matter. Environmental Science and Technolology, 30: 1553–1557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.A., Jaffé, P.R. and Chiou, C.T. (1990). Effect of ten quaternary ammonium cations on tetrachloromethane sorption to clay from water. Environmental Science and Technolology, 24: 1167–1172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stansfield, R.A. (1986). The diquat incident at Woodkirk, Yorkshire. European Water and Sewage, 90: 450–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theng, B.K.G. (1974). The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions. Adam Hilger, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theng, B.K.G. (1979). Formation and Properties of Clay–Polymer Complexes. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velde, B.Y. and Peck, T. (2002). Clay mineral changes in the Morrow experimental plots. University of Illinois. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50: 364–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voudrias, E.A. (2002). The concept of a sorption chemical barrier for improving effectiveness of landfill liners. Waste Management and Research, 20: 251–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M.J. (1986). Mineral weathering processes in podzolic soils on granitic materials and their implications for surface water acidification. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 143: 691–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, S., Sheng, G.Y. and Boyd, S.A. (1997). Use of organoclays in pollution abatement. Advances in Agronomy, 59: 25–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Capital Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mukherjee, S. (2013). Clays as Neutralizers against Environmental Protection. In: The Science of Clays. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6683-9_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics