Abstract
Here, the ecological investigations which were performed by statistical modelling are presented. The aim of these investigations was to study the effects of the fallout of operating nuclear station which do not exceed the background (the annual γ-radiation dose rates are ≈0.10–0.15 μSv/h) on plantain populations growing in the 30-km zone of the station. The statistical modelling was performed to study cells’ and chromosomes’ instability, cells’ proliferation in root meristem of seedlings, selection processes, and their dependence on radiation fallout and seeds’ sensitivity. This approach divides the tested population into resistant and sensitive fractions which are Poisson and geometric distributed on the number of abnormalities. This finding allowed us (1) to identify the radiation-induced effect and to reject the hypothesis that its consequences were caused by chemical pollution; (2) to estimate risks of instability and selection as well as stimulation of cells’ proliferation which are components of the adaptation processes; (3) to study their regularities for both resistant and sensitive subpopulations; and (4) to demonstrate that risks of adaptation processes dramatically increase with additional synergic factors, such as in a hot summer when survival of seeds falls to 20–30 %. We conclude that nuclear station fallout influences significantly the seeds’ survival and chromosomal instability in meristem of seedlings especially in hot summer. The radiation-induced processes lead to changes of the previous genotype on the adaptive one. The other conclusion is decreased numbers of some species right up to their disappearance.
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- 1.
Usually survival of seeds in nature is ∼80 % (Preobrazhenskaya 1971).
- 2.
The tested sites were chosen along the wind rose direction that allows one to study the NPP fallout dose dependence.
- 3.
We don’t consider the influence of chemical pollutions because they were decreased in 1999 and we tested populations growing far from their sources (near the Volga). The detailed analysis of possible influence of chemical pollutions is presented in Sect. 8.5.
- 4.
The proof has been obtained together with V.B. Priezzhev
- 5.
Evaluation of this relative dose rate can be less reliable because this population was located ≈ 100 m from the NPP in the shade of the smokestack.
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Korogodina, V.L., Florko, B.V., Osipova, L.P. (2013). Adaptation and Genetic Instability in Ecology. Study of the Influence of Nuclear Station Fallout on Plant Populations. In: Radiation-Induced Processes of Adaptation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6630-3_5
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