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Cereal Genomics II pp 127–154Cite as

Transposons in Cereals: Shaping Genomes and Driving Their Evolution

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Abstract

The large amount of genomic information available from grass species and in particular the completely sequenced genomes of Sorghum, Brachypodium, rice and maize offer the possibility to analyze the role of transposable elements (TE) in genome evolution. Genome-wide comparisons revealed molecular processes known as “genomic turnover” and “gene movement”, which have been associated with TEs. “Genomic turnover” is responsible for the differences in genome sizes in cereals, where genome size increases due to LTR retrotransposon activity and decreases due to mechanisms of unequal homologous recombination and illegitimate recombination. “Gene movement” is the result of double-strand break repair processes after the excision of a TE, a process which patches up gaps in the genome and “moves” or duplicates gene fragments. The future availability of complete genome sequences from more grass species, in particular the large wheat and barley genomes, will allow to improve our knowledge on the contribution of specific TE families on genome evolution.

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  1. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland

    Jan P. Buchmann, Beat Keller & Thomas Wicker

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  1. Jan P. Buchmann
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  2. Beat Keller
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  3. Thomas Wicker
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Correspondence to Beat Keller .

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  1. Dept. of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India

    Pushpendra K. Gupta

  2. ICRISAT, Centre of Excellence in Genomics (CEG), Patancheru, 502 324, Andra Pradesh, India

    Rajeev K. Varshney

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Buchmann, J.P., Keller, B., Wicker, T. (2013). Transposons in Cereals: Shaping Genomes and Driving Their Evolution. In: Gupta, P., Varshney, R. (eds) Cereal Genomics II. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6401-9_6

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