Skip to main content

Stigma, Discrimination, and HIV/AIDS: An Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter sets the scene for this book. It discusses salient issues and theoretical understandings pertaining to stigma and discrimination, which have occurred to people living with HIV/AIDS in different parts of the world. It also discusses the impact of stigma and discrimination on the health and well-being of those living with HIV/AIDS as well as strategies which have been used to fight against stigma and discrimination. This chapter also introduces the book and outlines details of all chapters which are included in the volume.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aggleton, P., & Parker, R. (2002). A conceptual framework and basis for action: HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. Geneva: UNAIDS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonzo, A. A., & Reynolds, N. R. (1995). Stigma, HIV and AIDS: An exploration and elaboration of a stigma trajectory. Social Science & Medicine, 41(3), 303–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anspach, R. (1979). From stigma to identity politics: Political activism among the physically disabled and former mental patients. Social Science & Medicine, 13, 765–773.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apinundecha, C., Laohasiriwong, W., Cameron, M. P., & Lim, S. (2007). A community participation intervention to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast Thailand. AIDS Care, 19(9), 1157–1165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, V., Chase, E., & Aggleton, P. (2002). Stigma: HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia. Evaluation and Program Planning, 25, 347–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brimlow, D. L., Cook, J. S., & Seaton, R. (2003). Stigma and HIV/AIDS: A review of the literature. Rockville: US Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busza, J. R. (2001). Promoting the positive: Responses to stigma and discrimination in Southeast Asia. AIDS Care, 13(4), 441–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butt, G. (2008). Stigma in the context of hepatitis C: Concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62, 712–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan, P. W., & Lundin, R. (2001). Don’t call me nuts!: Coping with the stigma of mental illness. Tinley Park: Recovery Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan, P. W., Markowitz, F. E., Watson, A., Rowan, D., & Kubiak, M. A. (2003a). An attribution model of public discrimination towards persons with mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 162–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan, P. W., Thompson, V., Lambert, D., Sangster, Y., Noel, J. G., & Campbell, J. (2003b). Perceptions of discrimination among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1105–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, A. M. (1996). Stigma associated with AIDS: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26(5), 398–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cullinane, J. (2007). The domestication of AIDS: Stigma, gender, and the body politic in Japan. Medical Anthropology, 26(3), 255–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • deBruyn, T. (1993). Women and AIDS in developing countries. Social Science & Medicine, 34, 249–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, R., Li, J., Sringernyuang, L., & Zhang, K. (2007). Drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and stigmatization in a Dai community in Yunnan, China. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1560–1571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovidio, J., Major, B., & Crocker, J. (2000). Stigma: Introduction and overview. In T. F. Heatherton, R. F. Neck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (p. 1028). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, G. (2001). Stigma: How we treat outsiders. Amherst: Prometheus Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1973). The birth of the clinic. London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1981). The history of sexuality: An introduction (Trans.). Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore, N., & Somerville, M. A. (1994). Stigmatisation, scapegoating and discrimination in sexually transmitted diseases: Overcoming ‘them’ and ‘us’. Social Science & Medicine, 39(9), 1339–1358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, G. (1995). Attitudes towards people with HIV: Are they as stigmatizing as people with HIV perceive them to be. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 557–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henkel, K. E., Brown, K., & Kalichman, S. C. (2008). AIDS related stigma in individuals with other stigmatized identities in the USA: A review of layered stigmas. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1586–1599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herek, G. M. (2002). Thinking about AIDS and stigma: A psychologist’s perspective. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 30, 594–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herek, G. M., & Glunt, E. K. (1993). Public reactions to AIDS in the United States: A second decade of stigma. American Journal of Public Health, 83(4), 573–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kielmann, K., Deshmukh, D., Deshpande, S., Datye, V., Porter, J., & Rangan, S. (2005). Managing uncertainty around HIV/AIDS in an urban setting: Private medical providers and their patients in Pune, India. Social Science & Medicine, 61(7), 1540–1550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawless, S., Kippax, S., & Crawford, J. (1996). Dirty, diseased and undeserving: The positioning of HIV positive women. Social Science & Medicine, 43, 1371–1377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeBel, T. P. (2008). Perceptions of and responses to stigma. Sociology Compass, 2(2), 409–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. S., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2002). Internalized stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 6(4), 309–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lekas, H.-M., Siegel, K., & Leider, J. (2011). Felt and enacted stigma among HIV/HCV-coinfected adults: The impact of stigma layering. Qualitative Health Research, 21(9), 1205–1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Letteney, S., & LaPorte, H. H. (2004). Deconstructing stigma: Perceptions of HIV-seropositive mothers and their disclosure to children. Social Work in Health Care, 38, 105–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liamputtong, P. (Ed.). (2013). Women, motherhood and living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-cultural perspective. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liamputtong, P., & Kitisriworapan, S. (2012). Deviance, difference and stigma as social determinants of health. In P. Liamputtong, R. Fanany, & G. Verrinder (Eds.), Health, illness and ­well-­being: Perspectives and social determinants (pp. 242–256). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet, 367, 528–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H., Detels, R., Li, X., Ma, E., & Yin, Y. (2002). Stigma, delayed treatment, and spousal notification among male patients with sexually transmitted disease in China. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 29, 335–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyttleton, C. (2004). Fleeing the fire: Transformation and gendered belonging in Thai HIV/AIDS support groups. Medical Anthropology, 23, 1–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyttlteon, C., Beesey, A., & Sitthikriengkrai, M. (2007). Expanding community through ARV provision in Thailand. AIDS Care, 19(Suppl 1), S44–S53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., Quinton, W. J., McCoy, S. K., & Schmader, T. (2000). Reducing prejudice: The target’s perspective. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 211–237). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, B., & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mak, W. W. S., Cheung, R. Y. M., Law, R. W., Woo, J., Li, P. C. K., & Chung, R. W. Y. (2007). Examining attribution model of self-stigma on social support and psychological well-being among people with HIV+/AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1549–1559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, J., & Tarantola, D. (1998). Responding to HIV/AIDS: A historical perspective. Health and Human Rights: An International Journal, 2(4), 5–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, T., Carlisle, C., Watkins, C., & Whitehead, E. (2001). Introduction. In T. Mason, C. Carlisle, C. Watkins, & E. Whitehead (Eds.), Stigma and social exclusion in health care (pp. 1–13). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic, D. (1995). Sociological dimensions of illness behavior. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 1207–1216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndinda, C., Chimbwete, C., McGrath, N., Pool, R., & MDP GROUP. (2007). Community attitudes towards individuals living with HIV in rural Kwa-Zulu Natan, South Africa. AIDS Care, 19(1), 92–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oosterhoff, P., & Bach, T. X. (2013). The effects of collective action on the confidence of individual HIV-positive mothers in Vietnam. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Motherhood and living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-cultural perspective. Dordrecht: Springer. Chapter 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, R., & Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 13–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, W., & Birdsall, K. (2005). HIV/AIDS and faith-based organizations: A review. Johannes-burg: Centre for AIDS development Research & Evaluation (CADRE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., Lang, A., & Olafsdottir, S. (2008). Rethinking theoretical approaches to stigma: A framework integrating normative influences on stigma (FINIS). Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 431–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reidpath, D. D., & Chan, K. Y. A. (2005). A method for the quantitative analysis of the layering of HIV-related stigma. AIDS Care, 17(4), 425–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roach Anleu, S. L. (2006). Deviance, conformity and control (4th ed.). French Forest: Person Education Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayce, L. (2000). From psychiatric patient to citizen: Overcoming discrimination and social exclusion. New York: St. Martin’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scambler, G. (2003). Deviance, sick role and stigma. In G. Scambler (Ed.), Sociology as applied to medicine (pp. 192–202). Edinburgh: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, M. F., & Crystal, S. (2000). Social relations, coping, and psychological distress among persons with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(4), 665–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, P. (2007). Stigma, mental illness, and culture. Retrieved on January 18, 2011, from http://www.scribd.com/doc/11731670/The-Stigma-of-Mental-Illness

  • Shih, M. (2004). Positive stigma: Examining resilience and empowerment in overcoming stigma. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 175–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simbayi, L. C., Kalichman, S., Strebel, A., Cloete, A., Henda, N., & Mqeketo, A. (2007). Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1823–1831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivaram, S., Zelaya, C., Srikrishnan, A. K., Latkin, C., Go, V. F., Solomon, S., & Celentano, C. (2009). Associations between social capital and HIV stigma in Chennai, India: Considerations for prevention intervention design. AIDS Education and Prevention, 21(3), 233–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S., Chakraborty, A., & Yepthomi, R. D. (2004). A review of the HIV epidemic in India. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(3 Suppl A), 155–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sontag, S. (1991). Illness as metaphor: AIDS and its metaphors. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, W. T., Herek, G. M., Ramakrishna, J., Bharat, S., Chandy, S., Wrubel, J., et al. (2008). HIV-related stigma: Adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Social Science & Medicine, 67(8), 1225–1235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuber, J., Galea, S., & Link, B. G. (2008). Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status. Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 420–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweat, M. D., & Levin, M. (1995). HIV/AIDS knowledge among the US population. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, 355–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, B. (2001). HIV, stigma and health: Integration of theoretical concepts and the lived experiences of individuals. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35(5), 792–798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, F. (2006). Stigma, fatigue and social breakdown: Exploring the impacts of HIV/AIDS on patient and carer well-being in the Caprivi Region, Namibia. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 3174–3187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valdiserri, R. O. (2002). HIV/AIDS stigma: An impediment to public health. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 341–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VanLandingham, M., Im-em, W., & Saengtienchai, C. (2005). Community reaction to persons with HIV/AIDS and their parents: An analysis of recent evidence from Thailand. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46, 392–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, E., Carlisle, C., Watkins, C., & Mason, T. (2001). Historical developments. In T. Mason, C. Carlisle, C. Watkins, & E. Whitehead (Eds.), Stigma and social exclusion in health care (pp. 11–28). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. R., Gonzalez, H. M., Williams, S., Mohammed, S. A., Moomal, H., & Stein, D. J. (2008). Perceived discrimination, race and health in South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 441–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L. H., Kleinman, A., Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Lee, S., & Good, B. (2007). Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory. Social Science & Medicine, 64(7), 1524–1535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Y. R. (2007). “If you get AIDS… You have to endure it alone”: Understanding the social constructions of HIV/AIDS in China. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 284–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pranee Liamputtong Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Liamputtong, P. (2013). Stigma, Discrimination, and HIV/AIDS: An Introduction. In: Liamputtong, P. (eds) Stigma, Discrimination and Living with HIV/AIDS. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6324-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics