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The Human Experiment: How We Won’t Win the Rat Race. What Can We Learn from Brain Stimulation in Humans and Rats About Enhancing the Functional Neurobiology of Higher Cognitive Functions?

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Book cover Cognitive Enhancement

Part of the book series: Trends in Augmentation of Human Performance ((TAHP,volume 1))

Abstract

This chapter addresses neuroenhancement and is divided into three parts. Firstly, neuroenhancement is considered in terms of the current societal context of a growing reliance on high level cognitive functions for economic competition. Then, specific research examples involving an increasingly popular neuroenhancement method, transcranial direct current brain stimulation, are discussed regarding what contributions enhancement technologies can make to these higher level cognitive functions. Speculations are made about the dynamics of relationships between brain structures and functions. The complexity of the involved brain mechanisms is discussed to highlight the intricacy of neural engagement to support these functions. And finally, the indications from empirical research are re-applied to the current state of the systems that employ higher level cognitive functions. Questions are presented about the viability of the so-called “More is Better” (MiB) model, in relation to neuroenhancement and for supporting cognitive functions.

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Abbreviations

MiB:

“More is Better” (model)

BOLD:

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent

NE:

neuroenhancement

ADHD:

Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder

tDCS:

Transcranial direct current stimulation

EF:

Executive functions

PFC:

prefrontal cortex

TOL:

Tower of London test

DLPFC:

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

RT:

reaction times

ACC:

accuracy

rTMS:

transcranial magnetic stimulation

PET:

positron-emission tomography

DA:

dopamine

PISA:

Programme for International Student Assessment

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Acknowledgement

I thank Andrzej Wichrowski, Linda van der Heiden and Malgorzata Wesierska for critical reading of this manuscript. Thanks to Petr Cempirek for the illustrations in Figs. 8.2 and 8.6.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Colleen A. Dockery

  2. Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen, Sigmaringen, Germany

    Colleen A. Dockery

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Correspondence to Colleen A. Dockery .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Philosophy, University of Mainz, Jakob Welder-Weg 18, Mainz, 55099, Germany

    Elisabeth Hildt

  2. , Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, Mainz, 55131, Germany

    Andreas G. Franke

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Dockery, C.A. (2013). The Human Experiment: How We Won’t Win the Rat Race. What Can We Learn from Brain Stimulation in Humans and Rats About Enhancing the Functional Neurobiology of Higher Cognitive Functions?. In: Hildt, E., Franke, A. (eds) Cognitive Enhancement. Trends in Augmentation of Human Performance, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6253-4_8

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