Abstract
Industrial solid-state fermentation (SSF) is not widely used because of engineering difficulties and the lack of guided principles on the fermentation process and scale-up from the physics aspect and porous medium. From the nature of the biological processes, SSF can be featured as the continuous phase of the gas phase compared with the continuous phase of the liquid phase in submerged fermentation. It is important to recognize traditional SSF from the aspect of the gas-liquid-solid phase. In SSF, mass and heat transfer are crucial for understanding and applying this old technology. This chapter introduces the essence of SSF and its related influencing factors from the engineering aspect. It includes the essence of SSF, transfer principles, thermal physics phenomenon, and design and scale-up of bioreactors. The hope is to find novel means to solve the problems of mass and heat transfer in SSF and eventually achieve its industrialization.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ashley VM, Mitchell DA, Howes T. Evaluating strategies for overcoming overheating problems during solid-state fermentation in packed bed bioreactors. Biochem Eng J. 1999;3:141–50.
Barstow LM, Dale BE, Tengerdy RP. Evaporative temperature and moisture control in solid substrate fermentation. Biotechnol Technol. 1988;2:237–42.
Cassel D, Biggar J, Nielsen D. Soil-water movement in response to imposed temperature gradients. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1969;33:493–500.
Chen HZ, Li ZH. Gas dual-dynamic solid state fermentation technique and apparatus. US Patent 20,030/138,943; 2003.
Chen HZ, Xu J. Principle and application of modern solid-state fermentation. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press; 2004.
Chen HZ, Han YJ, Xu J. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam exploded wheat straw pretreated with alkaline peroxide. Process Biochem. 2008;43:1462–6.
Chinn MS, Nokes SE. Temperature control of a solid substrate cultivation deep-bed reactor using an internal heat exchanger. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng. 2003;46:1741–9.
Constantz J, Murphy F. The temperature dependence of ponded infiltration under isothermal conditions. J Hydrol. 1991;122:119–28.
Corona A, Sáez D, Agosin E. Effect of water activity on gibberellic acid production by Gibberella fujikuroi under solid-state fermentation conditions. Process Biochem. 2005;40:2655–8.
Costa JAV, Alegre RM, Hasan SDM. Packing density and thermal conductivity determination for rice bran solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Technol. 1998;12:747–50.
De Vries D. Simultaneous transfer of heat and moisture in porous media. Trans Am Geophys Union. 1958;39:909–16.
Duan YY, Chen HZ. Effect of three-phase structure of solid-state fermentation substrates on its transfer properties. CIESC J. 2012;63:1204–10.
Favela-Torres E, Córdova-López J, García-Rivero M, et al. Kinetics of growth of Aspergillus niger during submerged, agar surface and solid state fermentations. Process Biochem. 1998;33:103–7.
Gardner W. Solutions of the flow equation for the drying of soils and other porous media. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1959;23:183–7.
Gervais P, Molin P. The role of water in solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J. 2003;13:85–101.
GutierrezRojas M, Hosn SAA, Auria R, et al. Heat transfer in citric acid production by solid state fermentation. Process Biochem. 1996;31:363–9.
Hölker U, Höfer M, Lenz J. Biotechnological advantages of laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation with fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004;64:175–86.
Ikasari L, Mitchell DA. Oxygen uptake kinetics during solid state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. Biotechnol Technol. 1998;12:171–5.
Jensen R, Haridasan M. Effect of temperature on pressure head-water content relationship and conductivity of two soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1972;36:703–8.
Jia SR. Bioreaction engineering principles. Beijing: Science Press; 2003.
Jou RY, Lo CT. Heat and mass transfer measurements for tray-fermented fungal products. Int J Thermophys. 2011;32:523–36.
Liu BC. Study on the heat and mass transfer in soil with phase change and simulation of the growing of plant roots system. Dissertation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 2004.
Liu J, Yang J. Process calorimetry on solid-state fermentation of vinegar wastes in bioreactor with air pressure pulsation. Chem Biochem Eng Q. 2006;20:449–55.
Liu W, Fan AW, Huang XM. Theory and application of heat and mass transfer in porous media. Beijing: Science Press; 2006.
Lonsane B, Saucedo-Castaneda G, Raimbault M, et al. Scale-up strategies for solid state fermentation systems. Process Biochem. 1992;27:259–73.
Martynenko OG, Pavlyukevich NV. Heat and mass transfer in porous media. 1998;71:1–13.
Membrillo I, Sánchez C, Meneses M, et al. Particle geometry affects differentially substrate composition and enzyme profiles by Pleurotus ostreatus growing on sugar cane bagasse. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:1581–6.
Mitchell DA, von Meien OF. Mathematical modeling as a tool to investigate the design and operation of the Zymotis packed-bed bioreactor for solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2000;68:127–35.
Mitchell DA, Do DD, Greenfield PF, et al. A semimechanistic mathematical model for growth of Rhizopus oligosporus in a model solid-state fermentation system. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1991;38:353–62.
Mitchell DA, Pandey A, Sangsurasak P, et al. Scale-up strategies for packed-bed bioreactors for solid-state fermentation. Process Biochem. 1999;35:167–78.
Mitchell DA, Krieger N, Stuart DM, et al. New developments in solid-state fermentation II. Rational approaches to the design, operation and scale-up of bioreactors. Process Biochem. 2000;35:1211–25.
Mitchell DA, von Meien OF, Krieger N. Recent developments in modeling of solid-state fermentation: heat and mass transfer in bioreactors. Biochem Eng J. 2003;13:137–47.
Mitchell DA, Krieger N, Berovic M. Solid-state fermentation bioreactors: fundamentals of design and operation. New York: Springer; 2006.
Nagel FJJI, Tramper J, Bakker MSN, et al. Model for on-line moisture-content control during solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2001;72:231–43.
Nagel FJ, Van As H, Tramper J, et al. Water and glucose gradients in the substrate measured with NMR imaging during solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2002;79:653–63.
Oostra J, Le Comte E, Van den Heuvel J, et al. Intra-particle oxygen diffusion limitation in solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2001;75:13–24.
Pandey A. Effect of particle size of substrate of enzyme production in solid-state fermentation. Bioresour Technol. 1991;37:169–72.
Philip J, De Vries D. Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradients. Trans Am Geophys Union. 1957;38:222–32.
Raghavarao K, Ranganathan T, Karanth N. Some engineering aspects of solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J. 2003;13:127–35.
Roukas T. Solid-state fermentation of carob pods for ethanol-production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1994;41:296–301.
Sabu A, Sarita S, Pandey A, et al. Solid-state fermentation for production of phytase by Rhizopus oligosporus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2002;102:251–60.
Sangsurasak P, Nopharatana M, Mitchell DA. Mathematical modeling of the growth of filamentous fungi in solid state fermentation. J Sci Res Ind Res. 1996;55:333–42.
Saucedo-Castaneda G, Lonsane BK, Krishnaiah MM, et al. Maintenance of heat and water balances as a scale-up criterion for the production of ethanol by Schwanniomyces castellii in a solid state fermentation system. Process Biochem. 1992;27:97–107.
Schutyser M, Padding J, Weber F, et al. Discrete particle simulations predicting mixing behavior of solid substrate particles in a rotating drum fermenter. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2001;75:666–75.
Schutyser MAI, Weber FJ, Briels WJ, et al. Heat and water transfer in a rotating drum containing solid substrate particles. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2003;82:552–63.
Shao MA, Wang XJ, Huang MB. Soil physics. Beijing: Higher Education Press; 2006.
Stuart D, Mitchell DA, Johns M, et al. Solid-state fermentation in rotating drum bioreactors: operating variables affect performance through their effects on transport phenomena. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1999;63:383–91.
Thibault J, Pouliot K, Agosin E, et al. Reassessment of the estimation of dissolved oxygen concentration profile and KLa in solid-state fermentation. Process Biochem. 2000;36:9–18.
Weber FJ, Oostra J, Tramper J, et al. Validation of a model for process development and scale-up of packed-bed solid-state bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2002;77:381–93.
Zambra C, Moraga N, Escudey M. Heat and mass transfer in unsaturated porous media: moisture effects in compost piles self-heating. Int J Heat Mass Trans. 2011;54:2801–10.
Zhang YP, Bai JL. Effect of temperature on soil water potential. Acta Pedol Sin. 1990;27:454–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chen, H. (2013). Principles of Solid-State Fermentation Engineering and Its Scale-Up. In: Modern Solid State Fermentation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6043-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6043-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6042-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6043-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)