Abstract
Tumor vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal. The heterogeneity, irregularity as well as the leakiness of the tight junctions of tumor vasculatures are potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. Early in 1980s Yasuhiro Matsumura and Hiroshi Maeda described the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. EPR effect is a unique tumor vascular phenomenon; central to it is the abnormal structure and function of endothelial tight junctions in the developing irregular tumor vasculatures that allows for selective concentration of Nanosize molecules in tumor tissues. Nanomedicine that emerged in parallel to the recent advance in Nanotechnology can concentrate in tumors due to EPR effect. The main advantage offered by the EPR effect for Nanomedicine is superior pharmacokinetics with prolonged drug circulatory half-life and improved biodistribution to tumor tissues. The EPR effect served as the bridge through which Nanotechnology found appropriate application in treatment of cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the principles and factors involved in EPR mechanism, the opportunities, and the challenges that face this cancer treatment strategy.
Keywords
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Acknowledgment
The author gratefully acknowledges the support of Professor Hiroshi Maeda. The EPR effect was first described and extensively studied by Professor Maeda’s group in the department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University, Japan. This work has been supported by Departmental fund No.; (PL. 108403.01.S. LM) to KG from the department of pharmacology and toxicology, Otago University. KG thanks Ms Rebecca Cookson for proof reading the article.
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Taurin, S., Greish, K. (2013). Enhanced Vascular Permeability in Solid Tumors: A Promise for Anticancer Nanomedicine. In: Martin, T., Jiang, W. (eds) Tight Junctions in Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 19. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6028-8_4
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