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HSP70 in the Immune Responses

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Immunity, Tumors and Aging: The Role of HSP70

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ((BRIEFSBIOCHEM,volume 6))

Abstract

HSP70 s play important roles in immune responses. The specific physiological context substantially influences the immune functions of HSP70. The first factor is the localization of HSP70; whether it is intracellular, on the cell surface, or in circulation. Intracellular HSP70 protects the cell and restricts cytokine production, whereas extracellular HSP70 stimulates cytokine production and labels cells for destruction. The second factor is the type of receptors on the target cells that bind HSP70. Signaling receptors, such as the toll-like receptor (TLR), confer to HSP70 the ability to activate cytokine production and stimulate the innate response, whereas scavenger receptors help HSP70 to deliver antigens to antigen-presenting cells and therefore stimulate an adaptive response. The third factor is the circumstances of synthesis and release of HSP70 from the cell. For example, in the case of microbial invasion, HSP70 s are involved in the formation of antigen-dependent immune memory, and in the case of different stresses in the formation of antigen-independent immune memory.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are membrane-spanning receptors that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.

  2. 2.

    Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cell surface molecule encoded by a large gene family in all vertebrates. MHC molecules mediate interactions of immune cells, with other leukocytes or body cells. In humans, MHC is also called human leukocyte antigen (HLA).

  3. 3.

    Lipopolysaccharides are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond. They are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, act as endotoxins and elicit strong immune responses in animals.

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  1. Department of Pathophysiology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, St 20/1 Delegatskaya, Moscow, Russia, 127473

    Igor Malyshev

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Malyshev, I. (2013). HSP70 in the Immune Responses. In: Immunity, Tumors and Aging: The Role of HSP70. SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5943-5_5

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