Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Xylanases from Thermophilic Fungi: Classification, Structure, and Case Study of Melanocarpus albomyces

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology

  • 3463 Accesses

Abstract

Xylanases are an important category under the glycoside hydrolase families and together with cellulases constitute nearly 25% market in enzyme sector. Some of the major applications of this enzyme are in bleaching of pulp and paper, food and feed sector, etc. For several of these applications, enzymes from thermophilic sources are preferred. In this chapter, we present information on classification of family 11 xylanases, used in pulp and paper industry. Factors underlying thermostability, such as the length and composition of the N-terminus, Ser/Thr ratio, presence of Arg on enzyme surface, core packing, and hydrophobic interactions, have been described. Based on these principles, protein engineering approaches to achieve thermostability of fungal xylanases are reviewed. Our own work on development of hyper-xylanase-producing mutant and process strategies adopted to enhance production of this enzyme from a thermophilic fungus Melanocarpus albomyces is summarized. Role of nitrogen source, pH, temperature, aeration, and agitation is emphasized through this case study whereby productivities of 22,000 IU/L/h have been achieved. Additives, currently in use, to make stable xylanase preparation are also described. Special emphasis is laid on downstream processing, which includes role of carriers and binders in producing the product of desired quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmed S, Riaz S, Jamil A (2009) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 84:19–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amanullah A, Justen P, Davies A, Paul GC, Nienow AW, Thomas CR (2000) J Biochem Eng 5:109–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold FH, Volkov AA (1999) Curr Opin Chem Biol 3:54–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold FH, Wintrode PL, Miyazaki K, Gershenson A (2001) Trends Biochem Sci 26:100–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biely P, Mislovicova D, Rudolf T (1988) Methods Enzymol 160:536–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bisaria VS, Mishra S, Sahai V (2002) Proceedings of international conference on tropical bioresources and green chemistry strategy, Osaka, Japan, 27–31 October

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas R, Sahai V, Mishra S, Bisaria VS (2010a) Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 15:800–809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas R, Sahai V, Mishra S, Bisaria VS (2010b) J Biosci Bioeng 110:702–708

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branden C, Tooze J (1999) Introduction to protein structure, 2nd edn. Garland Publishing Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra KR, Chandra TS (1995) Biotechnol Lett 17:309–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YL, Tang TY, Cheng KJ (2001) Can J Microbiol 47:1088–1094

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chipeta ZA, Preez JC, Christopher L (2008) J Indus Microbiol Biotechnol 35:587–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collins T, Gerday C, Feller G (2005) FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:3–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP (1993) Biotechnol Appl Biochem 3:259–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobrev GT, Pishtiyski IG, Stanchev VS, Mircheva R (2007) Bioresour Technol 98:2671–2678

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumon C, Varvak A, Wall MA, Flint JE, Lewis RJ, Lakey JH, Morland C, Luginbuhl P, Healey S, Todaro T, DeSantis G, Sun M, Parra-Gessert L, Tan X, Weiner DP, Gilbert HJ (2008) J Biol Chem 283:22557–22564

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Enshasy V, Kleinea J, Rinas U (2006) Process Biochem 41:2103–2112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenel F, Leisola M, Janis J, Turunen O (2004) J Biotechnol 108:137–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fonts CM, Hall J, Hirst BH, Hazlewood GP, Gilbert HJ (1995) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 43:52–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fushinobu S, Ito K, Konno M, Wakagi T, Matsuzawa H (1998) Protein Eng 11:1121–1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruber K, Klintschar G, Hayn M, Schlacher A, Steiner W, Kratky C (1998) Biochemistry 37:13475–13485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta G, Nakra S, Bisaria VS, Sahai V, Mishra S (2008) Unpublished data

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakulinen N, Turunen O, Janis J, Leisola M, Rouvinen J (2003) Eur J Biochem 270:1399–1412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henrissat B, Davies G (1997) Curr Opin Struct Biol 7:637–644

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janis J, Hakanpaa J, Hakulinen N, Ibatullin FM, Hoxha A, Derrick PJ, Rouvinen J, Vainiotalo P (2005) FEBS J 272:2317–2333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi MD, Sidhu G, Pot L, Brayer GD, Withers SG, McIntosh LP (2000) J Mol Biol 299:255–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang MK, Maeng PJ, Rhee YH (1996) Appl Environ Biotechnol 62:3480–3482

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiiskinen LL, Viikari L, Kruus K (2002) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59:198–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knob A, Terrasan CRF, Carmona EC (2010) World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26:389–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krengel U, Dijkstra BW (1996) J Mol Biol 263:70–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kristiansen B, Bullock JD (1988) In: Smith JE, Berry DR, Kristiansen B (eds) Fungal biotechnology. Academic, London, pp 203–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni N, Shendye A, Rao M (1999) FEMS Microbiol Rev 23:411–456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar PR, Eswaramoorthy S, Vithayathil PJ, Viswamitra MA (2002a) J Mol Biol 279:581–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Tsai CJ, Nussinov R (2002b) Protein Eng 13:179–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar KS, Manimaran A, Permaul K, Singh S (2009) J Biosci Bioeng 107:494–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li LT, Tian HM, Cheng YQ, Jing ZQ, Yang SQ (2006) Enzyme Microb Technol 38:780–787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Cui F, Liu Z, Xu Y, Zhao H (2007) Enzyme Microb Technol 40:1381–1388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin PJ, Scholz A, Krull R (2010) J Biochem Eng 49:213–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magos L (2001) J Appl Toxicol 21:1–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari R, Kamalam PT (1985) J Gen Microbiol 131:3017–3027

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy AA, Morris DD, Bergquist PL, Baker EN (2000) Acta Cryst 56:1367–1375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michaux C, Pouyez J, Mayard A, Vandurm P, Housen I, Wouters J (2010) Biochimie 92:1407–1415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra S, Biswas R, Mohan V, Sahai V, Bisaria VS (2008) In: Koutinas A, Pandey A, Larroche C (eds) Current topics on bioprocesses in food industry, vol II. Asiatech Publishers, Inc., New Delhi, pp 416–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller U, Perl D, Schmid FX, Heinemann U (2000) J Mol Biol 297:975–988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay SN, Malik RK (1980) Biotechnol Bioeng 22:2237–2250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narang S, Sahai V, Bisaria VS (2001) J Biosci Bioeng 91:425–427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PanagiotoY G, Kekos D, Macris BJ, Christakopoulos P (2003) Ind Crop Prod 18:37–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papagianni M (2004) Biotechnol Adv 22:189–259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papagianni M, Mattey M (2006) Microb Cell Fact 5:3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papagianni M, Moo-Young M (2002) Process Biochem 37:1271–1278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payan F, Leone P, Porciero S, Furrniss C, Tahir T, Williamsons G, Durand A, Manzanares P, Gilbert HJ, Juge N, Roussel A (2004) J Biol Chem 279:36029–36037

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polizeli MLTM, Rizzati ACS, Monti R, Terenzi HF, Jorge JA, Amorim DS (2005) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67:577–591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puls J, Schuseil J (1993) Chemistry of hemicelluloses: relationship between hemicellulose structure and enzymes required for hydrolysis. In: Hemicellulose and hemicellulases. Portland Press, London, pp 1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Qinnghe C, Xiaoyu Y, Tiangui N, Cheng J, Qiugang M (2004) Process Biochem 39:1561–1566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabini E, Sulzenbacher G, Dauter M, Dauter Z, Jorgensen PL, Schulein M, Dupont C, Davies GJ, Wilson KS (1999) Chem Biol 6:448–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahai V, Mishra S, Bisaria VS (2005) Indian Patent 1246/DEL/2005

    Google Scholar 

  • Sansen S, De Ranter CJ, Gebruers K, Brijs K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Rabijns A (2004) J Biol Chem 279:36022–36028

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapag A, Wouters J, Lambert C, de Ioannes P, Eyzaguirre J, Depiereux E (2002) J Biotechnol 95:109–131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saraswat V, Bisaria VS (1997) J Ferment Bioeng 83:352–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saraswat V, Bisaria VS (2000) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:1173–1180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya H, Kaneko S, Hayashi K (2000) Biochem J 349:651–656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sidhu G, Withers SG, Nguyen NT, McIntosh LP, Ziser L, Brayeer GD (1999) Biochemistry 34:847–856

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Madlala AM, Prior BA (2003) FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:3–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjostrom E (1993) Wood chemistry fundamentals and application, 2nd edn. Academic, San Diego, pp 14–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith G, Calam C (1980) Biotechnol Lett 2:261–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solbak AL, Richardson TH, McCann RT, Kline KA, Bartnek F, Tomlinson G, Tan X, Parra-Gessert L, Frey GJ, Podar M, Luginbuhl P, Gray KA, Mathur EJ, Robertson DE, Burk MJ, Hazlewood GP, Short JM, Kerovuo J (2005) J Biol Chem 280:9431–9438

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somera AF, Pereira MG, Guimaraes LHS, Polizeli MLTM, Terenzi HC, Furriel RPM, Jorge JA (2009) J Microbiol 47:270–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song AR, Tian XM, Feng GF, Zhang YQ (2001) Acta Edulis Fungi 8:10–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Sridevi B, Charya MAS (2011) Afr J Biotechnol 10:4624–4630

    Google Scholar 

  • Sriprang R, Asano K, Gobsuk J, Tanapongpipat S, Champreda V, Eururlaichitr L (2006) J Biotechnol 126:454–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens DE, Rumbold K, Permaul K, Prior BA, Singh S (2007) J Biotechnol 127:348–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens DE, Singh S, Permaul K (2009) FEMS Microbiol Lett 293:42–47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J-Y, Liu MQ, Xu Y-L, Xu Z-R, Pan L, Gao H (2005) Protein Expr Purif 42:122–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung WL, Yaguchi M, Ishikawa K (1998) Patent US-5759840. National Research Council of Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolan JS, Guenette M (1997) Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 57:289–310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolan JS, Olson D, Dines RE (1995) Pulp Paper Canada 96:107–110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torronen A, Rouvinen J (1995) Biochemistry 34:847–856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turunen A, Etuaho K, Fenel F, Vehmaanpera J, Wu X, Rouvinen J, Leisola M (2001) J Biotechnol 88:37–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turunen O, Vuorio M, Fenel F, Leisola M (2002) Protein Eng 15:141–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandermarliere E, Bourgois TM, Rombouts S, Campenhout SV, Volckaert G, Strelkov SV, Delcour JA, Rabijns A, Courtin CM (2008) Biochem J 410:71–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vardakou M, Dumon JW, Christakopoulos P, Weiner DP, Juge N, Lewis RJ, Gilbert HJ, Flint JE (2008) J Mol Biol 375:1293–1305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakarchuk WW, Campbell RL, Sung WL, Davoodi J, Yaguchi M (1994) Protein Sci 3:467–475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winterhalter C, Heinrich P, Candussio A, Wich G, Liebl W (1995) Mol Microbiol 15:431–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong H, Nyyssola A, Janis J, Pastinen O, Weymarn NV, Leisola M, Turunen O (2004) Enzyme Microb Technol 35:93–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong H, Weymarn NV, Turunen O, Leisola M, Pastinen O (2005) Bioresour Technol 96:753–759

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • You C, Huang Q, Xue H, Xu Y, Lu H (2010) Biotechnol Bioeng 105:861–870

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan QP, Wang JD, Zhang H, Qian ZM (2005) Process Biochem 40:3255–3257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S, Zhang K, Chen X, Chu X, Sun F, Dong Z (2010) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 395:200–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zmak PM, Podgornik A, Podgornik H, Koloini T (2006) J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:1243–1249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zverlov V, Piotukh K, Dakhova O, Velikodvorskaya G, Boriss R (1996) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45:245–247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz-Khas, New-Delhi, 110016, India

    Saroj Mishra, Vikram Sahai, Virendra Swaroop Bisaria, Ranjita Biswas, Gupteshwar Gupta & Swati Nakra

Authors
  1. Saroj Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vikram Sahai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Virendra Swaroop Bisaria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ranjita Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gupteshwar Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Swati Nakra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saroj Mishra .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

  2. , School of Chemistry and Biological Scien, Exeter University, Henry Welcome bldg. Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom

    Jennifer Littlechild

  3. , Functional Genomics of Extremophiles, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Yutaka Kawarabayasi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mishra, S., Sahai, V., Bisaria, V.S., Biswas, R., Gupta, G., Nakra, S. (2013). Xylanases from Thermophilic Fungi: Classification, Structure, and Case Study of Melanocarpus albomyces . In: Satyanarayana, T., Littlechild, J., Kawarabayasi, Y. (eds) Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5899-5_30

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation