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Floods in a Megacity pp 35–74Cite as

Hazards, Risk, and Vulnerability

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Part of the book series: Springer Geography ((SPRINGERGEOGR))

Abstract

Natural hazard terminologies with existing models of vulnerability, hazard, and risk are presented in this chapter. A conceptual framework has been developed based on hazard literature. The basic premise of the framework is based on Cutter’s place of hazard theory with inputs from recent literature. In the framework, hazard is viewed as a threat that has the potential to overwhelm people, property, and the environment. It is a pre-existing condition that can turn into a catastrophe depending on the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. Exposure to hazard is treated as given and is an implicit element. The vulnerability element is perceived as the interactive effects of the social and physical aspects of a system (e.g., urban) regarding the causal process of hazards. Contrary to some conceptualizations, the framework views that the total vulnerability of a community depends on physical, social, and existing coping capacity attributes, and therefore, the calculation of the total vulnerability should consider these elements simultaneously. Risk is conceptualized as the product of hazard and vulnerability. To minimize the effects of disasters, it is imperative to take appropriate measures to reduce vulnerability rather than risk.

The utilization of geospatial techniques in flood risk management is separated into three categories: flood mapping, damage assessment, and evaluation of flood risk and vulnerability. Biophysical and socioeconomic data that are sourced from remote sensing, census geography, and other spatial databases are employed to evaluate flood-related risk in diverse environments. A variety of methods—comprising inductive, deductive, and multi-criteria evaluation—are used to determine flood vulnerability and risk as evidenced by the literature survey. It reveals that geospatial techniques can be utilized effectively in the entire spectrum of the disaster cycle, which can save lives and property from natural hazards such as flood, as well as support informed decision making during emergencies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Geospatial techniques refer to the suite of geographical information systems, remote sensing, global positioning systems (GPS), and spatial analysis.

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  1. Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia

    Ashraf M. Dewan

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Dewan, A.M. (2013). Hazards, Risk, and Vulnerability. In: Floods in a Megacity. Springer Geography. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5875-9_2

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