Abstract
There were described the basic mechanisms of thermal exchange in animals: radiation, convection, conduction and evaporation. Radiation laws are discussed together with the radiative properties of the surfaces (absorptance, reflectance, transmittance and emissivity). Thermal exchange by radiation is discussed, and shape factors are described for different geometric structures taken as animal body models. Thermal exchange by conduction is described. There are presented and discussed equations for thermal exchange by free, forced and mixed convection in several cases; the respective equations for nondimensional numbers (Prandtl, Reynolds, Grashof and Nusselt) are presented together with some relevant information. The loss of heat by evaporation is discussed, and equations for nondimensional numbers (Schmidt, Sherwood) are presented. Several examples of application to animals are presented in detail.
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da Silva, R.G., Maia, A.S.C. (2013). Basic Physical Mechanisms. In: Principles of Animal Biometeorology. Biometeorology, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5733-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5733-2_2
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