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Regenerative Medicine pp 387–412Cite as

Cancer Stem Cells

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Abstract

Our knowledge of carcinogenesis has tremendously improved through decades of research. However, till date the therapeutic refractoriness and tumor dormancy that leads to cancer recurrence after therapy presents formidable obstacles through severely limiting the successful treatment outcomes for majority of cancers. Significant advances made recently in the cancer stem cell (CSC) biology field have provided new insights into cancer biology that are radically changing both our understanding of carcinogenesis and cancer treatment. The cancer stem cell hypothesis provides an attractive cellular mechanism to account for the therapeutic refractoriness and dormant behavior exhibited by many of these tumors. Direct evidence for the CSC hypothesis has recently emerged through their identification and isolation in diverse tumor types. These tumor types appeared to be hierarchically organized and sustained by a distinct fraction of self-renewing and tumor-initiating CSCs. Such illustration of the CSC paradigm in diverse tumor types necessitates reassessment and improvisation of the current therapeutic strategies originally developed against the homogenous tumor mass; now to specifically target the CSC population. Preliminary findings in the field indicate that such specific targeting of CSCs may be possible.

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Abbreviations

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

NSCs:

Normal stem cells, HSCs, Hematopoetic stem cells

RB:

Retinoblastoma

LRCs:

Label retaining cells

EMT:

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition

NOD/SCID:

Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient

SP:

Side population

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. G.C. Mishra, Director, National Center for Cell Science (Pune, India) for encouragement and support. We thank Dr. Santosh Honavar and team for providing clinical samples for Retinoblastoma work. We also acknowledge the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, the copyright holder of Figs. 15.3 and 15.4 for permitting use of these figures

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, L.V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 500 034, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Murali M. S. Balla

  2. National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India

    Anjali P. Kusumbe

  3. School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Geeta K. Vemuganti M.D., DNB, FAMS, FICP

  4. National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India

    Sharmila A. Bapat Ph.D., FNASc

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  1. Murali M. S. Balla
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  2. Anjali P. Kusumbe
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  3. Geeta K. Vemuganti M.D., DNB, FAMS, FICP
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  4. Sharmila A. Bapat Ph.D., FNASc
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Correspondence to Sharmila A. Bapat Ph.D., FNASc .

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Schillingallee 35, Rostock, 18057, Germany

    Gustav Steinhoff

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Balla, M.M.S., Kusumbe, A.P., Vemuganti, G.K., Bapat, S.A. (2013). Cancer Stem Cells. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_15

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