Abstract
The anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is recently used to rehabilitate saline and sodic soils and control soil erosion. The research on the effectiveness of anionic PAM along with gypsum or lime application on soil erosion is rare and poorly documented. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of anionic PAM with or without gypsum on the erosion of soils under saline/sodic conditions. For this purpose, a clay loam soil was prepared to achieve three levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 0.5, 9.9, and 25.5 with an appropriate solution of salts. Soil samples were air-dried and packed in the trays. Powdered PAM, gypsum, or a mixture of both was applied to the salt-treated soils. Thereafter, the soils were subjected to simulated rainstorm of 40 mm h−1 by a fixed rainfall simulator. Saline waters with different levels of electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.1, 2, 5, and 8 dS m−1 were used for simulated rains during the study. PAM amendment substantially controlled the erosion of the soils. The ESP was directly associated with the soil erosion and runoff. Among the treatments, the resistance to soil erosion was developed in the order of PAM > gypsum ≈ saline water > PAM mixed with gypsum ≈ PAM mixed with saline water. The magnitude of runoff water was reduced both by gypsum and saline water, whereas it was enhanced by PAM application. The mixed addition of PAM with gypsum or salts exacerbated water erosion of soils.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al-Abed N, Amayreh J, Shudifat E, Qaqish L, El-Mehaisin G (2003) Polyacrylamide (PAM) effect on irrigation induced soil erosion and infiltration. Achiev Agron Soil Sci 49:301–308
Amoozegar A, Warrick AW (1986) Hydraulic conductivity of saturated soils: field methods. In: Klute A (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Soil Science Society of America Book Series No. 5, 2nd edn. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomics, Madison, pp 383–411
Agassi M, Shainberg I, Morin J (1981) Effect of electrolyte concentration and sodicity on the infiltration rate and crust formation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45:848–851
Barvenik FW (1994) Polyacrylamide characteristics related to soil applications. Soil Sci 158:235–243
Ben-Hur M, Clark P, Letery J (1992) Exchangeable Na, polymer and water quality effects on water infiltration and soil loss. Arid Soil Res Rehab 6:311–317
Berthes B, Roose E (2002) Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion; validation at several levels. Catena 47:133–149
Bjorneberg DL, Santos FL, Castanheira NS, Martins OC, Reis JL, Aase JK, Sojka RE (2003) Using polyacrylamide with sprinkler irrigation to improve infiltration. J Soil Water Conserv 58:283–289
Gardiner DT, Sun Q (2002) Infiltration of wastewater and simulated rainwater as affected by polyacrylamide. J Am Water Resour Assoc 38:1061–1067
Gee GW, Bauder JW (1986) Particle-size analysis. In: Klute A (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Soil Science Society of America Book Series No. 5, 2nd edn. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomics, Madison, pp 383–411
Heller H, Keren R (2002) Anionic polyacrylamide polymers effect on rheological behavior of Na montmorillonite suspensions. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66:19–25
Keren R, Shainberg I (1981) Effect of dissolution rate on the efficiency of industrial and mined gypsum in improving infiltration of a sodic soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45:103–107
Levy GJ, Levin JL, Shainberg I (1995) Polymer effects on runoff and soil erosion from sodic soils. Irrig Sci 16:9–14
National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES) (1996) Classification of cultivated soils in Japan, Classification Committee of cultivated soils. National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba
Rasiah V, Kay BD (1995) Runoff and soil loss as influenced by selected stability parameters and cropping and tillage practices. Geoderma 68:321–329
Saybold CA (1994) Polyacrylamide review: soil conditioning and environmental fate. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 25:2171–2185
Shainberg I, Letey J (1984) Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions. Hilgardia 52:1–51
Shainberg I, Levy GJ (1994) Organic polymers and soil sealing in cultivated soils. Soil Sci 158:267–273
Shainberg I, Sumner ME, Miller WP, Ferina MPW, Pavan MA, Fey MV (1989) Use of gypsum on soils: a review. Adv Soil Sci 9:1–111
Shainberg I, Warrington D, Rengasamy P (1990) Effect of soil conditioner and gypsum application on rain infiltration and erosion. J Soil Sci 149:301–307
Shainberg I, Mamedov AI, Levy GJ (2003) The role of wetting rate and rain energy in seal formation and interrill erosion. Soil Sci 168:54–62
Tan HK (1993) Principle of soil chemistry, 2nd edn, Soil reaction. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp 255–278
Tang C, Rengel Z (2003) Role of plant cation/anion uptake ratio in soil acidification. In: Rengel Z (ed) Handbook of soil acidity. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York/Basel, pp 57–81
Tang Z, Lei T, Yu J, Shainberg I, Mamedov AL, Ben-Hur M, Levy GJ (2006) Runoff and interrill erosion in sodic soils treated with dry PAM and phosphogypsum. Soil Sci Soc Am J 70:679–690
Theng BKG (1984) Clay-polymer interactions: summary and perspectives. Clay Clay Miner 30:1–10
Vacher CA, Loch RJ, Raine SR (2003) Effect of polyacrylamide additions on infiltration and erosion of disturbed lands. Aust J Soil Res 41:1509–1520
Warrington D, Shainberg I, Agassi M, Morin J (1990) Slope and phosphogypsum effects on runoff and erosion. Soil Sci Soc Am J 53:1201–1205
Yu J, Lei T, Shainberg I, Mamedov AI, Levy GJ (2003) Infiltration and erosion in soils treated with dry PAM and gypsum. Soil Sci Soc Am J 67:630–636
Zhang XC, Miller WP (1996) Polyacrylamide effect on infiltration and erosion in furrows. Soil Sci Soc Am J 60:866–872
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Al-Busaidi, A., Yamamoto, T., Shimura, Y., Nishimura, T., Andry, H. (2013). Controlling Sodic Soil Erosion by Electrolytes and Polyacrylamide Application. In: Shahid, S., Abdelfattah, M., Taha, F. (eds) Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5683-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5684-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)