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The Demographics of the Transgender Population

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International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality

Part of the book series: International Handbooks of Population ((IHOP,volume 5))

Abstract

We want to stress at the outset of this chapter that the task of representing the transsexual and transgender population is nothing if not daunting. The difficulties, as we see them, stem from two main sources: (1) though a general “trans” sensibility exists in both the United States and worldwide, there are currently few measurable and/or standardized criteria (e.g. physical, social, political, etc.) regarding what might or should constitute a transgender person; and (2) problems with locating and accounting for this population are compounded by the relative invisibility through which many transgender individuals exist in their daily lives. Marginalized by political, religious, legal, medical, and other cultural institutions, transgender persons encounter levels of discrimination that range from simple misapprehension and/or exclusion by an uneducated public, to explicit acts of sexual and physical violence. Indeed, many in what is often referred to as the mainstream, including transgender individuals, are first exposed to the idea of “transgender” through media that often sensationalize and misrepresent the issues most salient for this population.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.truecolours.org.au/publications/development.html

  2. 2.

    To this end, the American Psychological Association is set to release its fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013, in which the diagnosis Gender Identity Disorder will more than likely be renamed Gender Dysphoria. See the Mental Health section for further discussion of this issue.

  3. 3.

    http://www.truecolours.org.au/publications/ypwts.html. See also: http://www.annelawrence.com/brain-sex_­critique.html for a critique of the brain-sex theory.

  4. 4.

    Though perhaps the first to go public, Beatie was not the first trans man to become pregnant. Beatie has since had his second and third babies and is in the process of divorcing his ex-partner who is a cis woman. See: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2197581/Worlds-pregnant-man-Thomas-Beatie-finds-love-prepared-conceive-FOURTH-time-new-lover-cant.html

  5. 5.

    Appointed by Barack Obama in January, 2010.

  6. 6.

    Crossing: A Memoir, University of Chicago Press.

  7. 7.

    http://www.truecolours.org.au/publications/ypwts.html#15. Paper presented at the WPATH 20th International Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, September 5–8, 2007.

  8. 8.

    The latest DSM will be its 5th revision, and a new name for gender dysphoria will constitute the “condition’s” 3rd revision. It is worth noting here that homosexuality was a DSM-certified disorder until 1973 (Drescher 2009).

  9. 9.

    J Cantor, 2009, personal communication.

  10. 10.

    See especially Valentine (2007) for an excellent history of this episode. Though beyond the scope of the chapter, it is worth noting that some of the discourse surrounding this decision was related to the (formal) LGB political community’s desire to appear to be as “normal” as possible, a move that some argue sacrificed allegiance with the trans community for mainstream social acceptability.

  11. 11.

    Based on the FBI’s “Uniform Crimes Reports, Crime in the United States 2000,” showing the murder rate of 5.5 people per 100,000.

  12. 12.

    Indeed, two recent developments regarding U.S. military veterans demonstrate the degree to which trans concerns have entered the “mainstream” of health care: the Department of Veterans Affairs’ decision to cover the cost of transition-related counseling and hormones for eligible veterans (Department of Veterans Affairs 2011), and research finding the rate of trans veterans is higher than the general public (Shipherd et al. 2012).

  13. 13.

    Information about Eads sometimes reports his cancer as ovarian and sometimes as cervical; it is unclear which was the primary cancer and if the other was a metastasis but regardless of which, the issues that his story raises (e.g. appropriately targeted screening and prevention efforts) remain the same.

  14. 14.

    In the film, Eads movingly describes the difficulties that several physicians and their staff had with accommodating him as a patient; he was told, among other things, that other patients (in the waiting room) would be offended or made uncomfortable.

  15. 15.

    Interested readers are encouraged to consult: Cohen-Kettenis and van Goozen (1998), Delemarre-van de Waal and Cohen-Kettenis (2006), Olson et al. (2011) and Rosin (2008) for further discussion of the hormonal suppression treatment of trans children and adolescents.

  16. 16.

    For the vast majority of trans men, this will not satisfy their desire (if they have it) to remove their breasts. Testosterone cannot eradicate breast tissue; only a mastectomy can do that. Some trans men may lose enough mass with testosterone that binding can be enough for them, however.

  17. 17.

    Interested providers can access primary care protocols and provider trainings from: www.transhealth.ucsf.edu

  18. 18.

    Interested readers can contact Division 44 of the American Psychological Association for an updated list of resources and contacts.

  19. 19.

    Interview with Cristan Williams, director of the Transgender Foundation of America; Laura Richardson, SWGS conference 3/26/10 at Rice University. “Displacing and Distancing Myra Ical.”

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Jamison Green, Sean Moundas, Sari Reisner, Lauren Mizock, and Kristen Schilt for their thoughtful comments on earlier editions of this chapter.

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Stacey Colton Meier

  2. Sociology Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Christine M. Labuski

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Meier, S.C., Labuski, C.M. (2013). The Demographics of the Transgender Population. In: Baumle, A. (eds) International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality. International Handbooks of Population, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5512-3_16

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