Skip to main content

Neuroeconomics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Epistemology of Decision

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy ((BRIEFSPHILOSOPH))

  • 1011 Accesses

Abstract

The rational choice theory (TRC), in its standard interpretation, is not presented as a causal theory, but as a formal-normative theory. Experimental economics, replacing the standard assumptions regarding the interpretation of the TRC’s more realistic assumptions - for example, a utility function that includes social preferences - has allowed us to improve the prediction. However, experimental economics has failed to overcome another theoretical difficulty that affects the TRC, the absence of a formal causal link to the entities hypothesized. In the end we are before the same problem Chomskyan linguistics faced. Chomsky, in fact, proposed a formal model of explanation of linguistic competency assuming a division into elements (e.g., verbal or nominal groups) and operations (the rules of formation and transformation of sentences).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 34.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Beauregard, M., Lévesque, J., & Bourgouin, P. (2001). Neural correlates of conscious self-regulation of emotion. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 295–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D., & Carter, C. S. (2004). Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(12), 539–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgeois-Gironde, S., & Schoonover, C. (2008). Une hybridation de l’économie et des neurosciences a-t-elle un sens. Revue d’économie politique, 118, 35–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosman, S., & De Waal, F. (2003). Monkeys reject unequal pay. Nature, 425, 297–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., Fink, G. R., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., et al. (2001). Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 400–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 215–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. F. (2003). Behavioral game theory: experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. F. (2008a). The case for mindful economics. In A. Caplan & A. Schotter (Eds.), The foundations of positive and normative economics (pp. 43–69). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. F. (2008b). The potential of neuroeconomics. Economics and Philosophy, 24, 369–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camerer, C. F., & Loewenstein, G. (2002). Behavioral economics: Past, present, future. Pasadena: Mimeo, Division of Humanities and Social Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaminade, T., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2002). Does the end justify the means? A PET exploration of the mechanisms involved in human imitation. Neuroimage, 15, 318–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craver, C. F. (2007). Explaining the brain: mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001). The amygdala: vigilance and emotion. Molecular Psychiatry, 6, 13–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donders, F. C. (1969). On the speed of mental processes. Acta Psychologica, 30, 412–431, (originally published in 1868).

    Google Scholar 

  • Everitt, B. J., Cardinal, R. N., Hall, J., Parkinson, J. A., & Robbins, T. W. (2000). Differential involvement of amygdala subsystems in appetitive conditioning and drug addiction. In J. P. Aggleton (Ed.), The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory and mental dysfunction (pp. 354–390). New York: Wiley-Liss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, M. J., & Bargh, J. A. (2004). How social perception can automatically influence behavior. Trend in Cognitive Sciences, 8(1), 33–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferretti, F. (2006). The social mind. In M. Marraffa, M. De Caro, & F. Ferretti (Eds.), Cartographies of the Mind (pp. 295–308). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T. (1992). Thinking is for doing: Portraits of social cognition from daguerreotype to laser photo. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 877–889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill International Editions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster, J. M. (1989). The prefrontal cortex: anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe. New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster, J. M. (2001). The prefrontal cortex-an update: time is of the essence. Neuron, 30(2), 319–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S. (2012). Three questions for Stueber. Emotion Review, 4(1), 64–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallese, V. (2007). Dai neuroni specchio alla consonanza intenzionale. Meccanismi neurofisiologici dell’intersoggettività. Rivista di Psicoanalisi, 53(1), 197–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girard, R. (1961). Mensonge romantique et vérité romanesque. Paris: Grasset.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glimcher, P. (2003). Decisions, uncertainty, and the brain: the science of neuroeconomics. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1987). Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In F. Plum & V. Mountcastle (Eds.), Handbook of physiology (pp. 373–417). Bethesda: American Physiological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Pradelli, S., Serafini, M., Pagnoni, G., Baraldi, P., Porro, C., et al. (2001). Explicit and incidental facial expression processing: An fMRI study. Neuroimage, 14(2), 465–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guala, F. (2005). The methodology of experimental economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Guala, F. (2006). Filosofia dell’economia. Modelli, Causalità, previsione. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gul, F., & Pesendorfer, W. (2008). The case for mindless economics. In A. Caplin & A. Schotter (Eds.), Foundations of positive and normative economics (pp. 3–40). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, S. B., Ely, T. D., Hoffman, J. M., & Kilts, C. D. (2002). Ecstasy and agony: Activation of the human amygdala in positive and negative emotion. Psychological Science, 13(2), 135–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, S., & Mao, H. (2002). Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala. NeuroReport, 13(1), 15–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, G. W. (2008). Neuroeconomics: A critical reconsideration. Economics and Philosophy, 24, 303–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. (2002). The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review, 109(4), 679–709.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hommer, D. W., Knutson, B., Fong, G. W., Bennett, S., Adams, C. M., & Varnera, J. L. (2003). Amygdalar recruitment during anticipation of monetary rewards: An event-related fMRI study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985, 476–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, M., Bhatt, M., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., & Camerer, C. F. (2005). Neural systems responding to degrees of uncertainty in human decision-making. Science, 310, 1680–1683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta, J., & Rizzolatti, G. (2005). Grasping the intentions of others with one’s owns mirror neuron system. PLoS Biology, 3, 529–535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 286, 2526–2528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karama, S., Lecours, A. R., Leroux, J. M., Bourgouin, P., Beaudoin, G., Joubert, S., et al. (2002). Areas of brain activation in males and females during viewing of erotic film excerpts. Human Brain Mapping, 16, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knutson, B., & Peterson, R. (2005). Neurally reconstructing expected utility. Games and Economic Behavior, 52, 305–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knutson, B., Taylor, J., Kaufman, M., Peterson, R., & Glover, G. (2005). Distributed neural representation of expected value. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(19), 4806–4812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreps, D. M., Milgrom, P., Roberts, J., & Wilson, R. (1982). Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game. Journal of Economic Theory, 27, 245–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legrenzi, P., & Umiltà, C. (2011). Neuromania: On the limits of brain science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, A. M. (2005). Developmental parallels in understanding minds and bodies. Trends Cognitive Science, 9(10), 459–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipps, T. (1903). Ästhetik. Psychologie des Schönen und der Kunst. Hamburg-Leipzig: Voss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti, A., & Castelli, I. (2006). Teoria della mente e Neuroeconomia: quali affinità?. Milano: Università del Sacro Cuore.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 304, 503–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meltzoff, A. (1988). Infant imitation after a 1-week delay-long-term-memory for novel acts and multiple stimuli. Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 470–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montague, R. P. (2006). Why choose this book? How we make decision. New York: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak, M. A., Page, K., & Sigmund, K. (2000). Fairness versus reason in the ultimatum game. Science, 289, 1773–1775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47(6), 419–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paradiso, S., Johnson, D. L., Andreasen, N. C., O’Leary, D. S., Watkins, G. L., Boles Ponto, L. L., Hichwa, R. D. (1999). Cerebral blood flow changes associated with attribution of emotional valence to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral visual stimuli in a PET study of normal subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156 (10), 1618–1629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulus, M. P., Hozack, N., Zauscher, B., McDowell, J. E., Frank, L., Brown, G. G. (2001). Prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex networks underlie decision-making in the presence of uncertainty. Neuroimage, 13(1), 91–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perconti, P. (2003). Leggere le menti. Milano: Bruno Mondadori.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillutla, M. M., & Murnighan, J. K. (1996). Unfairness, anger, and spite: Emotional rejections of Ultimatum offers. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 68(3), 208–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Platt, M. L., & Glimcher, P. W. (1999). Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex. Nature, 400, 233–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E. (1994). Images of mind. New York: Scientific American Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 515–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rilling, J. K., Gutman, D., Zeh, T., Pagnoni, G., Berns, G., & Kilts, C. (2002). A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron, 35, 395–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3(2), 131–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizzolatti, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (2006). So quello che fai. Il cervello che agisce e i neuroni specchio. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzolatti, G., & Vozza, L. (2008). Nella mente degli altri. Neuroni specchio e comportamento sociale. Bologna: Zanichelli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolls, E. T. (2000). The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 284–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, D. (2005). Economic theory and cognitive science: Microexplanation. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, D. (2008). Two styles of neuroeconomics. Economics and Philosophy, 24(3), 473–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothbarth, M., & Park, B. (1986). On the confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(1), 131–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubinstein, A. (2006). Comments on behavioral economics. In R. Blundell, W. K. Newey, & T. Persson (Eds.), Advances in economic theory (pp. 246–254). Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco, P. L., & Zarri, L. (2003). Complessità motivazionale, interazione strategica e gestione del conflitto. Etica ed Economia, 1–2, 73–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanfey, A. G., Rilling, J. K., Aronson, J. A., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2003). The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game. Science, 300, 1755–1758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savadori, L., Rumiati, R. (2005). Nuovi rischi, vecchie paure. La percezione del pericolo nella società contemporanea. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, W. (1998). Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 80(1), 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, W. (2004). Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal learning theory, game theory, microeconomics and behavioral ecology. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14(2), 139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science, 275, 1593–1599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, D. O. (1983). The person-positivity bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(2), 233–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, T., & Fehr, E. (2005). The neuroeconomics of mind reading and empathy. American Economic Review, 95(2), 340–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, T., Seymur, B., O’Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004). Empathy for pain involves the affective but not the sensory components of pain. Science, 303, 1157–1162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stenberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders methods. Acta Psychologica, 230, 276–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stueber, K. R. (2010). L’empatia. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stueber, K. R. (2012). Varieties of empathy, neuroscience and the narrativist. Challenge to the contemporary theory of mind debate. Emotion Review, 4(1), 55–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulen, T. S. (1999). Rational choice theory in law and economics. Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 790–818. http://encyclo.findlaw.com/0710book.pdf.

  • Watanabe, M., Hikosaka, K., Sakagami, M., & Shirakawa, S. (2005). Functional significance of delay-period activity of primate prefrontal neurons in relation to spatial working memory and reward/omission-of-reward expectancy. Experimental Brain Research, 166(2), 263–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wise, R. A. (2002). Brain reward circuitry: review insights from unsensed incentives. Neuron, 36, 229–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wispé, L. (1986). The distinction between sympathy and empathy: To call forth a concept, a word is needed. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 314–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R. B. (1998). Emotion. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 591–634). Boston: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelazo, P. D., & Lourenco, S. F. (2003). Imitation and the dialectic of representation. Developmental Review, 23(1), 55–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Graziano .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Graziano, M. (2013). Neuroeconomics. In: Epistemology of Decision. SpringerBriefs in Philosophy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5428-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics