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Global Sources of Nitrous Oxide

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Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation

Abstract

Both natural and anthropogenic sources produce N2O. The primary natural sources of N2O are upland soils under natural vegetation, oceans, coastal waters, riparian zones, estuaries, and rivers. Riparian zones, rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters are also impacted by anthropogenic activities from agriculture. The anthropogenic source is associated with leaching and export from agricultural soils. Natural sources accounts for 64% of global N2O emissions. Riparian zones have saturated conditions and microbially available C, which contribute to higher rates of production of N2O than dry land soils. The oceans are another major source of natural of N2O emissions to the atmosphere with production of N2O primarily occurring in the water column. Agriculture accounts for 67–80% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. The major anthropogenic sources from agriculture include organic and inorganic N added to as fertilizers, cultivation of legumes that fixes atmospheric N2 biologically. Other anthropogenic sources include industrial processes, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. The current estimated global N2O emissions are estimated at 19.8 Tg N2O-N year−1, of which the anthropogenic emissions are 6.7 Tg N2O-N year−1. The prediction of future emissions depends on the changing human activities as well as on climate patterns that are shifting because of global climate change.

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Abbreviations

SOC:

soil organic carbon WFPS water-filled pore spaces

NOAA-GMD:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Division

ESRL:

Earth System Research Laboratory

GEIA:

global Emissions Inventory Activity

AOU:

apparent oxygen utilization

ALE:

Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment

GAGE:

Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment

EDGAR:

Emissions Database Global Atmospheric Research

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  1. Illinois State Geological Survey Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA

    David Ussiri

  2. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Ussiri, D., Lal, R. (2013). Global Sources of Nitrous Oxide. In: Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5364-8_5

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