Abstract
The emphasis on seeking knowledge is one of the basic tenets of Islam (Al-Bukhari, Vol. 1, Sahih al-Bukhari by Imam Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari (trans: Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan). Kazi Publications, Lahore, pp 810–870, 1979), and learning is compulsory on every Muslim male and female. Islamic sacred texts propound a philosophy of education, which in spite of different interpretations is underpinned by the principal of education for all andand provides a basis for shared concepts and practices across Muslim societies. This chapter first discusses the essentials of Islamic philosophy of education underpinning Islamic values, principles, and practices, followed by a discussion of education and Muslim women with reference to Islamic religious texts. The interface between gender and faith and its impact on educational choices and decisions are debated in the final sections to explore and understand the discourses and practices among the Pakistani diaspora in the UK with regard to female education with specific focus on appropriation of religious discourses in the struggle for empowerment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
The interrogative expression is often used in the Quran for stress purposes.
References
Abbasi, N. M. (2010). The Pakistani Diaspora in Europe and its impact on democracy building in Pakistan. Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved May 1, 2012, http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Abbasi_low_2-2.pdf.
Abdullah, A. S. (1982). Educational theory: A quranic outlook. Makkah: Umm-Al-Qura University.
Afshar, H. (1994). Muslim women in West Yorkshire. In H. Afshar & M. Maynard (Eds.), The dynamics of race and gender: Some feminist interventions (pp. 127–147). London: Taylor and Francis.
Ahmad, F. (2001). Modern tradition? British Muslim women and academic achievement. Gender and Education, 13, 137–152.
Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and gender in Islam: Historical roots of a modern debate. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Al-Attas, M. (1979). Aims and objections of Islamic education. Sevenoaks/Jeddah: Hodder and Stoughton/King Abdul Aziz University.
Al-Bukhari, S. (1979). Sahih al-Bukhari by Imam Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari (Vol. 1, pp. 810–870) (trans: Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan). Lahore: Kazi Publications.
Al-Hibri, A. (Ed.). (1982). Women and Islam. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Archer, L. (2002). Change, culture and tradition: British Muslim pupils talk about Muslim girls’ post-16 ‘choices’. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 5, 359–376.
Ashraf, S. A. (1995). Basic principals in the formulation of curriculum for tertiary education with specific reference to humanities. Muslim Education Quarterly, 13(1), 5–11.
Bagguley, P., & Hussain, Y. (2007). The role of higher education in providing opportunities for South Asian women. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Basit, T. N. (1997). I want more freedom, but not too much: British Muslim girls and the dynamism of family values. Gender and Education, 9(4), 425–440.
Brock, C., Dada, J., & Jatta, T. (2006). Selected perspectives on education in West Africa, with special reference to gender and religion’. In R. Griffin (Ed.), Education in the Muslim world: Different perspectives (pp. 211–238). Providence: Symposium Books.
Dabashi, H. (1993). Theology of discontent. New York: New York University Press.
Dale, A., Shaheen, N., Kalra, V., & Fieldhouse, E. (2002). Routes into education and employment for young Pakistani and Bangladeshi women in the UK. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25, 942–968.
Al-Saadawi, N. (1982). Women and Islam. In A. Al-Hibri (Ed.), Women and Islam (Special issue of Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 5, No 2, pp. 193–206). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
Esposito, J. (2002). Where do we go from here? Chapter 4. In Unholy war: terror in the name of Islam (pp. 118–160). New York: Oxford University Press.
Esposito, J. (2011). Customs and culture. In What everyone needs to know about Islam (pp. 95–132). Oxford University Press. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA102&dq=women+in+Muslim+societies&hl=en&sa=X&ei=07ieT-6YD4uR0QXv0r2KDw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAjgo#v=onepage&q=women%20in%20Muslim%20societies&f=false
Fernea, E. W., & Bezirgan, B. Q. (Eds.). (1977). Middle Eastern Muslim women speak. Austin/London: University of Texas Press.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, (1972–1977) (C. Gorden, Trans. & Ed.). Brighton: Harvester Press.
Gardner, R., Cairns, J., & Lawton, D. (Eds.). (2005). Faith schools: Consensus or conflict? London: Routledge Falmer.
Geaves, R. (2005). Negotiating British citizenship and Muslim identity. In T. Abbas (Ed.), Muslim Britain: Communities under pressure (pp. 66–77). Foreword by Tariq Modood. London: Zed Books.
Griffin, R. (Ed.). (2006). Education in the Muslim world: Different perspectives. Oxford: Symposium Books.
Hall, S. (1992). New ethnicities. In A. Rattansi & J. Donald (Eds.), Race culture and difference. London: Sage Publications.
Haw, K. with Shah, S. (1998). Educating Muslim girls: Shifting discourses. Open University Press, Buckingham.
Hussain, F. (1984). Muslim women. NewYork: Saint Martin’s Press.
Hussain, S. (2008). Counting women with faith: What quantitative data can reveal about Muslim women in ‘secular’ Britain’. In K. Aune, S. Sharma, & G. Vincett (Eds.), Women and religion in the west: Challenging secularization (pp. 165–182). Ashgate Publishing Limited. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H6ApLvngPBMC&pg=PA178&dq=women+in+Muslim+societies&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8MWeT7eTIqmw0AWIksCFDw&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBTgy#v=onepage&q=women%20in%20Muslim%20societies&f=false
Hussain, S., & Ashraf, A. (1979). Crisis in Muslim education. Sevenoaks/Jeddah: Hodder and Stoughton/King Abdul Aziz University.
Ijaz, A., & Abbas, T. (2010). The impact of inter-generational change on the attitudes of working-class South Asian Muslim parents on the education of their daughters. Gender and Education, 22(3), 313–326. First published on: 04 February 2010 (iFirst), pp 1–14.
Jacobson, J. (1998). Islam in transition: Religion and identity among British Pakistani youth. London: Routledge.
Karim, F. (1938). Al Hadith: Volume one. The book house. Lahore: Pakistan.
Kassam, Z. R. (2010). Women and Islam. Greenwood Publishing Group. Also available as e-book: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oFxLOJZ0eZ4C&pg=PA140&dq=women+in+Muslim+societies&hl=en&sa=X&ei=I6qeT4PqDqmq0QWqp7mPDw&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=women%20in%20Muslim%20societies&f=false
Lachenmann, G., & Dannecker, P. (2010). Negotiating development in Muslim societies: Gendered spaces and translocal connections. Lanham: Lexington Books/Rowman and Littlefield.
Maududi, S. A. A. (1981). Towards understanding Islam (K. Ahmed, Trans. & Ed.). Leicester: Islami Foundation.
MCB. (2007). Towards greater understanding: Meeting the needs of Muslim pupils in state schools’. http://www.mcb.org.uk/downloads/Schoolinfoguidancev2.pdf
Mernissi, F. (1991). Women and Islam: A historical enquiry. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Mernissi, F. (1993). The forgotten queens of Islam. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Merry, M., & Driessenb, G. (2005). Islamic schools in three western countries: Policy and procedure. Comparative Education, 41(4), 411–432. Modood, T. (2005). Ethnicity and intergenerational identities and adaptations in Britain: The socio-political context. In M. Rutter & M. Tienda (Eds.), Ethnicity and causal mechanisms (pp. 281–300). New York/Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nasr, S. H. (1985). Ideals and realities of Islam. London: George Allen and Unwin.
National Statistics. (2001). Online office for national statistics. http://www.statistics.gov.uk
Rai, R., & Reeves, P. (2009). Introduction. In R. Rai & P. Reeves (Eds.), The South Asian Diaspora: Transnational networks and changing identities (pp. 1–12). New York: Routledge.
Sarroub, L. (2005). All American Yemeni girls: Being Muslim in a public school. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Schimmel, A. M. (1978). Mystical dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Schimmel, A. (1982). Women in mystical Islam. In Al-Hibri (Ed.), op cited (pp. 145–152)
Shah, S. (2006). Educational leadership: An Islamic perspective. British Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 363–385.
Shah, S. (2008). Women and educational leadership in a Muslim society: A study of women college heads in Pakistan. In H. Sobehart (Ed.), Women leading education across the continents: Sharing the spirit, fanning the flame (pp. 344–381). Lantham/Toronto: Rowman and Littlefield, with AASA.
Shah, S. (2012). Islamic schools in the west: Persistence or resistance. British Journal of Religious Education, 34(1), 51–65.
Shah, S., & Conchar, C. (2009, June). Why single-sex schools? Discourses of culture/faith and achievement. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39(2), 191–204.
Shah, S., & Iqbal, M. (2011). Pakistani Diaspora in Britain: Intersections of multi-locationality and girls’ education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 32(5), 763–783.
Shaikh, S., & Kelly, A. (1989). To mix or not to mix: Pakistani girls in British schools. Educational Research, 31, 10–19.
Shain, F. (2003). The schooling and identity of Asian girls. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books.
Sirin, S. R., & Fine, M. (2008). Muslim American youth: Understanding hyphenated identities through multiple methods. New York/London: New York University Press.
Stowasser, B. F. (1994). Women in the Quran: Tradition and interpretation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tibawi, A. L. (1972). Islamic education. London: Luzac and Company Ltd.
Tomlinson, S. (2008). Race and education: Policy and politics in Britain. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Tyrer, D., & Ahmad, F. (2006). Muslim women and higher education: Identities, experiences and prospects. A summary report. Liverpool John Moores University and European Social Fund, Liverpool.
Vertovec, S., & Rogers, A. (1998). Muslim European youth: Reproducing ethnicity, religion, culture. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Waddy, C. (1980). Women in Muslim history. London/NewYork: Longman.
Zein-Ed-Din, N. (1982) Removing the veil and veiling. In A. Al-Hibri (Ed.), op cited (pp. 221–226).
Zine, J. (2007). Safe havens or religious “ghettos”? Narratives of Islamic schooling in Canada. Race Ethnicity and Education, 10(1), 71–92.
Acknowledgement
This chapter was written during my study leave (January–June 2012). I thank Professor Janet Ainley, director of the School of Education; Professor Elizabeth Murphy, head of the College of Social Sciences and pro-vice chancellor; and Professor Mark Thompson, the chair of the staffing committee for approving my study leave which enabled me to work on this chapter, among other outputs. Special thanks go to the colleagues, who covered my work during this study leave.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shah, S. (2013). Islam, Education, and Gender: Discourses and Practices Among Pakistani Diaspora in the UK. In: Gross, Z., Davies, L., Diab, AK. (eds) Gender, Religion and Education in a Chaotic Postmodern World. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5270-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5270-2_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5269-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5270-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)