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MicroRNAs as Tools in Biopharmaceutical Production pp 49–64Cite as

The CHO miRNA Transcriptome

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Abstract

After the initial identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) almost 20 years ago (Lee et al, RNA 14(1): 35–42, 1993; Wightman et al, Cell 75(5): 855–862, 1993), research on the functional relevance of this class of small non-coding RNAs has increased exponentially, especially during the last 15 years. Today the importance of miRNAs as an additional layer in the regulation of gene expression is well appreciated and has established miRNAs as important research targets in virtually every area of cell biology from organism development (Alvarez-Garcia and Miska, Development 132(21): 4653–4662, 2005) to disease (Hammond, Curr Opin Genet Dev 16(1): 4–9, 2006) and cell death (Vecchione and Croce, Endocr-Rel Cancer 17(1): F37–50, 2010).

While several hundred miRNAs have been reported for human, murine and other mammalian species (Griffiths-Jones, Current Protocols in Bioinformatics 12.9.1–10, 2010), little attention has been attributed to miRNAs in the Chinese hamster, or the most widely used Chinese hamster derived cell line—Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells until recently. This is surprising, given the fact that miRNAs are known to orchestrate complex gene expression networks, thereby acting amidst important cellular networks that for example drive cell growth and survival and are consequently also of profound interest for the CHO research community, which is trying to adapt the cellular phenotype to the needs of modern bioprocesses.

Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to (i) provide a general overview on miRNA expression in mammalian cells; introduce the reader to potential applications of miRNAs in bioprocessing, (ii) to summarize the current knowledge about the miRNA transcriptome in CHO cells and (iii) to provide a perspective to the reader where this knowledge needs to be expanded so that future applications of miRNAs as bioprocessing tools will become feasible.

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Acknowledgment

MH would like to acknowledge support by the BOKU Doc doctoral scholarship program; NB and JG the support of the FWF Doctoral program “BioToP”; JG support by the GEN-AU project “Non-coding RNAs” (grant number 820982).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Matthias Hackl, Nicole Borth & Dr. Johannes Grillari

  2. ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Nicole Borth

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  1. Matthias Hackl
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  2. Nicole Borth
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Correspondence to Johannes Grillari .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , National Institute for Cellular Biotechn, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Niall Barron

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Hackl, M., Borth, N., Grillari, J. (2012). The CHO miRNA Transcriptome. In: Barron, N. (eds) MicroRNAs as Tools in Biopharmaceutical Production. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5128-6_4

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