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An Introduction to Phosphoinositides

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Phosphoinositides and Disease

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 362))

Abstract

Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components of cellular membranes that play critical regulatory roles in several intracellular functions. This chapter describes the main enzymes regulating the turnover of each of the seven PIs in mammalian cells and introduces to some of their intracellular functions and to some evidences of their involvement in human diseases. Due to the complex interrelation between the distinct PIs and the plethora of functions that they can regulate inside a cell, this chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of PI signalling but rather an introduction to this complex signalling field. For more details of their regulation/functions and extensive description of their intracellular roles, more detailed reviews are suggested on each single topic.

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Abbreviations

ArPIKfyve:

Associated regulator of PIKfyve

CML:

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

CMT:

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FERM:

Four-point one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin

FYVE:

Fab1/YOTB/Vac1/EEA1

GPCRs:

G-protein coupled receptors

GRAM:

Glucosyltransferases, Rab-like GTPase activators and Myotubularins

GSK3:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3

HIF:

Hypoxia inducible factor

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPI:

Lysophosphatidylinositol

Ins(1,4,5)P 3 :

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

MIPS:

Myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase

MTM:

Myotubularin

MTMR:

Myotubularin-related

mTOR:

Mechanistic target of rapamycin

PDK1:

3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1

PH:

Pleckstrin homology

PHD:

Plant HomeoDomain

PIKfyve:

PhosphoInositide Kinase for five position containing a Fyve finger

PIPP:

Proline-rich inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase

PIs:

phosphoinositides

PI3K:

phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PLA:

phospholipase A

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PLD:

Phospholipase D

PtdIns3P :

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate

PtdIns4P :

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate

PtdIns5P :

Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate

PtdIns(3,4)P 2 :

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

PtdIns(4,5)P 2 :

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PtdIns(3,5)P 2 :

Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate

PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 :

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate

PIP4 Ks:

PtdIns5P 4-kinases

PIP5Ks:

PtdIns4P 5-kinases

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

PX:

Phox homology

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

SHIP:

Src homology 2-domain-containing inositol phosphatase

SKIP:

Skeletal muscle and kidney enriched 5-phosphatase

TAPP:

Tandem PH domain-containing Protein

TGN:

Trans-Golgi network

Vps34:

Vacuolar protein sorting 34

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Diabetes UK, Diabetes Research & Wellness Foundation and Barts and The London Charity for their support. I thank Prof Marco Falasca for introducing me to the “PIs’ world”, for our long, useful discussions on PIs and for critical reading of this manuscript. I also thank Dr Andrew Riley for the structure of the different PIs.

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  1. Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Inositide Signalling Group, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK

    Tania Maffucci

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Correspondence to Tania Maffucci .

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  1. CTR DIABETES BARTS, Queen Mary University of London, UK, NEWARK ST 4, LONDON E1 2AT, United Kingdom

    MARCO FALASCA

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Maffucci, T. (2012). An Introduction to Phosphoinositides. In: FALASCA, M. (eds) Phosphoinositides and Disease. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 362. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5025-8_1

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