Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a significant pathogen of salmonids, and in its atypical form has spread into cyprinids and marine flatfish. Although Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is homogeneous, atypical isolates are more heterogeneous and do not fit into the current subspecies classification. Questions about the ecology of the organism remain but the consensus is that despite earlier work, cells exist in the aquatic environment although largely in a nonculturable form. Diagnostics have moved towards the use of sensitive and specific molecular methods. Disease control has focused on prophylaxis principally by vaccination, probiotics and immunostimulants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ackerman, P.A., Iwama, G.K. and Thornton, J.C. (2000) Physiological and immunological effects of adjuvanted Aeromonas salmonicida vaccines on juvenile rainbow trout. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 12, 157–164.
Adams, A., Auchinachie, N., Bundy, A., Tatner, M.F. and Horne, M.T. (1988) The potency of adjuvanted injected vaccines in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) and bath vaccines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) against furunculosis. Aquaculture 69, 15–26.
Albrektsen, S., Snadnes, K., Glette, J. and Waagbo, R. (1995). The influence of dietary vitamin B6 on tissue vitamin B6 contents and immunity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquaculture Research 26, 331–339.
Allen, D.A. (1982) Bacteria associated with freshwater fish farming, with emphasis on the fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, USA.
Allen, D.A., Austin, B. and Colwell, R.R. (1983a) Aeromonas media, a new species isolated from river water. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 33, 599–604.
Allen, D.A., Austin, B. and Colwell, R.R. (1983b) Numerical taxonomy of bacterial isolates associated with a freshwater fishery. Journal of General Microbiology 129, 2043–2062.
Allen-Austin, D., Austin, B. and Colwell, R.R. (1984) Survival of Aeromonas salmonicida in river water. FEMS Microbiology Letters 21, 143–146.
Amlacher, E. (1961) Taschenbuch der Fischkrankheiten. Jena, Gustav Fisher Verlag, 286p.
Anderson, D.P. (1973) Investigations of the lipopolysaccharide fractions from Aeromonas salmonicida smooth and rough forms. In: Symposium on the Major Communicable Fish Diseases in Europe and their Control. Rome, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, p.175–179.
Anderson, D.P. and Siwicki, A.K. (1994) Duration of protection against Aeromonas salmonicida in brook trout immunostimulated with glucan or chitosan by injection or immersion. Progressive Fish Culturist 56, 258–261.
Aoki, T., Egusa, S., Kimura, T. and Watanabe, T. (1971) Detection of R factors in naturally occurring Aeromonas salmonicida strains. Applied Microbiology 22, 716–717.
Aoki, T., Kitao, T., Iemura, N., Mitoma, Y. and Nomura, T. (1983) The susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated in cultured and wild salmonids to various chemotherapeutants. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 49, 17–22.
Arkwright, J.A. (1912) An epidemic disease affecting salmon and trout in England during the summer of 1911. Journal of Hygiene, Cambridge 12, 391–413.
Arnesen, J.A. and Eggset, G. (1999) Isolation and characterisation of two extracellular metalloproteases from Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 22, 35–43.
Arnesen, K.R., Mikkelsen, H., Schrøder, M.B. and Lund, V. (2010) Impact of reattaching various Aeromonas salmonicida A-layer proteins on vaccine efficacy in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Vaccine 28, 4703–4708.
Austin, B. (1993) Recovery of ‘atypical’ isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida, which grow at 37°C, from ulcerated non-salmonids in England. Journal of Fish Diseases 16, 165–168.
Austin, B. and Rodgers, C.J. (1981) Preliminary observations on Aeromonas salmonicida vaccines. Development in Biological Standardization 49, 387–393.
Austin, B., Rayment, J. and Alderman, D.J. (1983b) Control of furunculosis by oxolinic acid. Aquaculture 31, 101–108.
Austin, B., Bishop, I., Gray, C., Watt, B. and Dawes, J. (1986). Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the rapid diagnosis of clinical cases of enteric redmouth and furunculosis in fish farms. Journal of Fish Diseases 9, 469–474.
Austin, D.A., McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1989) Taxonomy of fish associated Aeromonas spp., with the description of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. smithia subsp. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 11, 277–290.
Austin, B., Stuckey, L.F., Robertson, P.A.W., Effendi and Griffith, D.R.W. (1995b) A probiotic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. Journal of Fish Diseases 18, 93–96.
Austin, B., Austin, D.A., Dalsgaard, I., Gudmundsdóttir, B.K., Høie, S., Thornton, J.M., Larsen, J.L., O’Hici, B. and Powell, R. (1998) Characterization of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida by different methods. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 21, 50–64.
Barnes, A.C., Lewin, C.S., Hastings, T.S. and Amyes, S.G.B. (1990a) Cross resistance between oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid in Aeromonas salmonicida associated with alterations in outer membrane proteins, FEMS Microbiology Letters 72, 337–340.
Barnes, A.C., Lewin, C.S., Hastings, T.S. and Amyes, S.G.B. (1990b) In vitro activities of 4-quinolones against the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 34, 1819–1820.
Barnes, A.C., Lewin, C.S., Hastings, T.S. and Amyes, S.G.B. (1991a) In vitro susceptibility of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida to flumequine. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 35, 2634–2635.
Barnes, A.C., Amyes, S.G.B., Hastings, T.S. and Lewin, C.S. (1991b) Fluoroquinolones display rapid bactericidal activity and low mutation frequencies against Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 14, 661–667.
Barnes, A.C., Lewin, C.S., Hastings, T.S. and Amyes, S.G.B. (1992) Alterations in outer membrane proteins identified in a clinical isolate of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 15, 279–282.
Barnes, A.C., Hastings, T.S. and Amyes, S.G. (1994) Amoxycillin resistance in Scottish isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 17, 357–363.
Barry, T., Powell, R. and Gannon, F. (1990) A general method to generate DNA probes for microorganisms. Biotechnology 8, 233–236.
Bast, L., Daly, J.G., DeGrandis, S.A. and Stevenson, R.M.W. (1988) Evaluation of profiles of Aeromonas salmonicida as epidemiological markers of furunculosis infections in fish. Journal of Fish Diseases 11, 133–145.
Belland, R.J. and Trust, T.J. (1985) Synthesis, export, and assembly of Aeromonas salmonicida A-layer analyzed by transposon mutagenesis. Journal of Bacteriology 163, 877–881.
Belland, R.J. and Trust, T.J. (1988) DNA:DNA reassociation analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of General Microbiology 134, 307–315.
Belland, R.J. and Trust, T.J. (1989) Aeromonas salmonicida plasmids: plasmid-directed syntheisis of proteins in vitro and in Escherichia coli minicells. Journal of General Microbiology 135, 513–524.
Bergh, Ø., Hjeltnes, B. and Skiftesvik, A.B. (1997) Experimental infection of turbot Scophthalmus maximus and halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus yolk sac larvae with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 29, 13–20.
Bernoth, E.-M. (1990) Autoagglutination, growth on tryptone-soy-Coomassie-agar, outer membrane protein patterns and virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida strains. Journal of Fish Diseases 13, 145–155.
Bernoth, E.-M., Ellis, A.E., Midtlyng, P.J., Olivier, G. and Smith, P. (1997) Furunculosis Multidisciplinary Fish Disease Research. San Diego, Academic Press.
Björnsdóttir, B., Gudmundsdóttir, S., Bambir and Gudmundsdóttir, B.K. (2005) Experimental infection of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and evaluation of cross protection induced by a furunculosis vaccine. Journal of Fish Diseases 28, 181–188.
Blake, I. (1935) Some observations on other bacterial diseases of fish, with particular reference to the vascular and tissue reactions in these infections. In: Adamson, W. and Baxton, N. (eds), Final Report of the Furunculosis Committee. Edinburgh, H.M.S.O., p.1–13.
Blake, I. and Anderson, E.J.M. (1930) The identification of Bacillus salmonicida by the complement fixation test - a further contribution to the study of furunculosis of the Salmonidae. Fisheries Board of Scotland, Salmon Fisheries No. 1. Edinburgh, H.M.S.O.
Blake, I. and Clark, J.C. (1931) Observations on experimental infection of trout by B. salmonicida, with particular reference to 'carriers' of furunculosis and to certain factors influencing susceptibility. Fisheries Board of Scotland, Salmon Fisheries No. 7 . Edinburgh, H.M.S.O., p.1–13.
Bonet, R., Simon-Pujol, M.D. and Congregado, F. (1993) Effects of nutrients on exopolysaccharide production and surface properties of Aeromonas salmonicida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 2437–2441.
Bootsma, R., Fijan, N. and Blommaert, J. (1977) Isolation and identification of the causative agent of carp erythrodermatitis. Veterinarski Archiv 47, 291–302.
Bowser, P.R. and House, M. (1990) In vitro sensitivity of some fish pathogens to the quinolones nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid and the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 10, 48–49.
Braun, M., Stuber, K., Schlatter, Y., Wahli, T., Kuhnert, P. and Frey, J. (2002) Characterization of an ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin (AexT) from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 184, 1851–1858.
Bricknell, I.R. (1995) A reliable method for the induction of experimental furunculosis. Journal of Fish Diseases 18, 127–133.
Brocklebank, J.R. (1998) Ulcerative dermatitis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida spp. salmonicida in farmed Atlantic salmon in British Columbia. Revue Vetérinaire Canadienne 39, 110.
Broom, A.K. and Sneath, P.H.A. (1981) Numerical taxonomy of Haemophilus. Journal of General Microbiology 126, 123–149.
Bucke, D. (1979) Investigation into the cause of an epizootic in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). In: O'Hara, K. (ed.), Proceedings of the First British Freshwater Fish Conference. London, University of Liverpool, Janssen Services, p.45.
Buckley, J.T., Halasa, L.N. and MacIntyre, S. (1982) Purification and partial characterization of a bacterial phospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 3320–3325.
Bullock, G.L. (1966) Precipitins and agglutinin reactions of aeromonads isolated from fish and other sources. Bulletin de l'Office International des Epizooties 65, 805–824.
Bullock, G.L. and Stuckey, H.M. (1975b) Fluorescent antibody identification and detection of the Corynebacterium causing kidney disease of salmonids. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32, 2224–2227.
Bullock, G.L., Cipriano, R.C. and Schill, W.B. (1997) Culture and serodiagnostic detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from covertly-infected rainbow trout given the stress-induced furunculosis test. Biomedical Letters 55, 169–177.
Burr, S.E., Stuber, K., Wahli, T. and Frey, J. (2002) Evidence for a type III secretion system in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 184, 5966–5970.
Burr, S.E., Stuber, K. and Frey, J. (2003a) The ADP-ribosylating toxin AexT from Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is translocated via a type III secretion pathway. Journal of Bacteriology 185, 6583–6591.
Burr, S.E., Wahli, T., Segner, H., Pugovkin, D. and Frey, J. (2003b) Association of type III secretion genes with virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 57, 167–171.
Burr, S.E., Pugovkin, D., Wahli, T., Segner, H. and Frey, J. (2005) Attenuated virulence of an Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type III secretion mutant in a rainbow trout model. Microbiology 151, 2111–2118.
Byers, H.K., Gudkovs, N. and Crane, M.St.J. (2002a) PCR-based assays for the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. 1. Evaluation of three PCR primer sets for detection and identification. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 49, 129–138.
Byers, H.K., Cipriano, R.C., Gudkovs, N. and Crane, M.St.J. (2002b) PCR-based assays for the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. II. Further evaluation and validation of three PCR primer sets with infected fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 49, 139–144.
Carballo, J., Seoane, R.M. and Nieto, T.P. (2000) Adhesion of Aeromonas salmonicida to materials used in aquaculture. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 20, 77–82.
Charette, S.J., Brochu, F., Boyle, B., Filion, G., Tanaka, K.H. and Derome, N. (2012) Draft genome sequence of the virulent strain 01-B525 of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 194, 722–723.
Chart, H. and Trust, T.J. (1983) Acquisition of iron by Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 156, 758–764.
Chester, F.D. (1897) A preliminary arrangement of the species of the genus Bacterium. Contributions to determinative bacteriology. Part 1. Ninth Annual Report, Delaware College Agricultural Experimental Station, 92 p.
Chomarat, M., GuerinFaublee, V., Kodjo, A., Breysse, F. and Flandrois, J.P. (1998) Molecular analysis of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Revue de Medecine Vetérinaire 149, 245–250.
Cipriano, R.C. (1982a) Immunization of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) against Aeromonas salmonicida: immunogenicity of virulent and avirulent isolates and protective ability of different antigens. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39, 218–221.
Cipriano, R.C. (1982b) Furunculosis in brook trout: infection by contact exposure. Progressive Fish Culturist 44, 12–14.
Cipriano, R.C. (1983) Resistance of salmonids to Aeromonas salmonicida: relation between agglutinins and neutralizing activities. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112, 95–99.
Cipriano, R.C., Griffin, B.R. and Lidgerding, B.C. (1981) Aeromonas salmonicida: relationship between extracellular growth products and isolate virulence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38, 1322–1326.
Cipriano, R.C. and Starliper, C.E. (1982) Immersion and injection vaccination of salmonids against furunculosis with an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida. Progressive Fish Culturist 44, 167–169.
Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L.A., Teska, J.D. and Hale, L.E. (1992) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in the mucus of salmonid fishes. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4, 14–118.
Cipriano, R.C., Bullock, G.L. and Noble, A. (1996a) Nature of Aeromonas salmoncida carriage on asymptomatic rainbow trout maintained in a culture system with recirculating water and fluidized sand biofilters. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 8, 47–51.
Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L.A., Teska, J.D., Schachte, J.H., Petrie, C., Novak, B.M. and Flint, D.E. (1996b). Use of non-lethal procedures to detect and monitor Aeromonas salmonicida in potentially endangered or threatened populations of migrating and post-spawning salmon. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27, 233–236.
Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L.A., Starliper, C.E., Teska, J.D., Nelson, J.T. and Jensen, B.N. (1996c) Control of external Aeromonas salmonicida: topical disinfection of salmonids with chloramine T. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 8, 52–57.
Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L.A., Nelson, J.T. and Jenson, B.N. (1996d) Monitoring for early detection of Aeromonas salmonicida to enhance antibiotic therapy and control furunculosis in Atlantic salmon. Progressive Fish Culturist 58, 203–208.
Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L.A., Smith, D.R., Schachte, J.H. and Petrie, C.J. (1997) Differences in detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in covertly infected salmonid fishes by the stress-inducible furunculosis test and culture-based assays. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 9, 108–113.
Cipriano, R.C. and Bullock, G.L. (2001) Evaluation of commercially prepared transport systems for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid fish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 13, 96–104.
Cisar, J.O. and Fryer, J.L. (1974) Characterization of anti-Aeromonas salmonicida antibodies from coho salmon. Infection and Immunity 9, 236–243.
Colwell, R.R., MacDonell, M.T. and De Ley, J. (1986) Proposal to recognize the family Aeromonadaceae fam. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 36, 473–477.
Cornick, J.W., Chudyk, R.V. and McDermott, L.A. (1969) Habitat and viability studies on Aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of furunculosis. Progressive Fish Culturist 31, 90–93.
Cowan, S.T. (1974) Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, 2nd edn. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Csaba, Gy., Körmendy, B. and Békési, L. (1981a) Observations on the causative agent of carp erythrodermatitis in Hungary. The Proceedings of an International Seminar on Fish, Pathogens and Environment in European Polyculture, Szarvas, Hungary, p.95–110.
Csaba, Gy., Prigli, M., Békési, L., Kovács-Gayer, E., Bajmócy, E. and Fazekas, B. (1981b) Septicaemia in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Val.) and bighead (Aristichthys nobilis Rich.) caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens. In: Oláh, J., Molnár, K. and Jeney, S. (eds), Fish, Pathogens and Environment in European Polyculture, Szarvas, F. Muller (Fisheries Research Institute), p. 111–123.
Dacanay, A., Knickle, L., Solanky, K.S., Boyd, J.M., Walter, J.A., Brown, L.L., Johnson, S.C. and Reith, M. (2006) Contribution of the type III secretion system (TTSS) to virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Microbiology 152, 1847–1856.
Dacanay, A., Boyd, J.M., Fast, M.D., Knickle, L.C. and Reith, M.E. (2010) Aeromonas salmonicida Type I pilus system contributes to host colonization but not invasion. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 88, 199–206.
Dalsgaard, I., Nielsen, B. and Larsen, J.L. (1994) Characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: a comparative study of strains of different geographic origin. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 77, 21–30.
Dalsgaard, I., Gudmundsdóttir, B.K., Helgason, S., Høie, S., Thoresen, O.F., Wichardt, U.-P. and Wiklund, T. (1998) Identification of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida: inter-laboratory evaluation and harmonization of methods. Journal of Applied Microbiology 84, 999–1006.
Daly, J.G. and Stevenson, R.M.W. (1985a) Charcoal agar, a new growth medium for the fish disease bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, 868–871.
Daly, J.G. and Stevenson, .R.M.W. (1985b) Importance of culturing several organs to detect Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114, 909–910.
Daly, J.G., Kew, A.K., Moore, A.R. and Olivier, G. (1996) The cell surface of Aeromonas salmonicida determines in vitro survival in cultivated brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) peritoneal macrophages. Microbial Pathogenesis 21, 447–461.
Davis, H.S. (1946) Care and diseases of trout. Research Report, United States Fisheries and Wildlife Service 12, 98.
Deere, D., Porter, J., Pickup, R.W. and Edwards, C. (1996a) Survival of cells and DNA of Aeromonas salmonicida released into aquatic microcosms. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 81, 309–318.
Deere, D., Porter, J., Pickup, R. and Edwards, C. (1996b) Direct analysis of starved Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 459–467.
Donlon, J., McGettigan, S., O'Brien, P. and O'Carra, P. (1983) Reappraisal of the nature of the pigment produced by Aeromonas salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 19, 285–290.
Dooley, J.S.G., Engelhardt, H., Baumeister, W., Kay, W.W. and Trust, T.J. (1989) Three-dimensional structure of an open form of the surface layer from the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 190–197.
Dror, M., Sinyakov, M.S., Okun, E., Dym, M., Sredni, B. and Avtalion, R.R. (2006) Experimental handling stress as infection-facilitating factor for the goldfish ulcerative disease. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 109, 279–287.
Dubois-Darnaudpeys, A. (1977a) Epidemiologie de la furonculose des salmonides. II. Etude experimentale de divers facteurs microbiotiques de l'environment. Bulletin Français de Pisciculture 49, 128–133.
Dubois-Darnaudpeys, A. (1977b) Epidemiologie de la furonculose des salmonides. III. Ecologie de Aeromonas salmonicida proposition d'un modele epidemiologique. Bulletin Français de Pisciculture 50, 21–32.
Duff, D.C.B. (1937) Dissociation in Bacillus salmonicida, with special reference to the appearance of the G form of culture. Journal of Bacteriology 34, 49–67.
Duff, D.C.B. (1939) Some serological relationships of the S, R and G phases of Bacillus salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 38, 91–103.
Duff, D.C.B. (1942) The oral immunization of trout against Bacterium salmonicida. Journal of Immunology 44, 87–94.
Duff, D.C.B. and Stewart, B. (1933) Studies on furunculosis of fish in British Columbia. Contributions of Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 8, No. 8, Series A, General Number 35, 103.
Duguid, J.P. and Old, D.C. (1980) Adhesive properties of Enterobacteriaceae. In: Beachey, E.H. (ed.), Receptors and Recognition, Series B, vol. 6. London, Chapman and Hall, p.185–217.
Duncan (1932) Cited by McCraw (1952)
Durbin, M., McIntosh, D., Smith, P.D., Wardle, R. and Austin, B. (1999) Immunization against furunculosis in rainbow trout with iron-regulated outer membrane protein vaccines: relative efficacy of immersion, oral and injection delivery. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 11, 68–75.
Ebanks, E.O., Goguen, M., McKinnon, S., Pinto, D.M. and Ross, N.W. (2005) Identification of the major outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68, 29–38.
Ebanks, R.O., Knickle, L.C., Goguen, M., Boyd, J.M., Pinto, D.M., Reith, M. and Ross, N.W. (2006) Expression of and secretion through the Aeromonas salmonicida type III secretion system. Microbiology 152, 1275–1286.
Eddy, B.P. (1960) Cephalotrichous, fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: the genus Aeromonas. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 23, 216–248.
Eddy, B.P. (1962) Further studies on Aeromonas. I. Additional strains and supplementary biochemical tests. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 25, 137–146.
Eddy, B.P. and Carpenter, K.P. (1964) Further studies on Aeromonas. II. Taxonomy of Aeromonas and C27 strains. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 27, 96–100.
Effendi, I. and Austin, B. (1991) Survival of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida in seawater. FEMS Microbiology Letters 84, 103–106.
Effendi, I. and Austin, B. (1993) A rapid method for the determination of viability of Aeromonas salmonicida in seawater. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 13, 171–173.
Effendi, I. and Austin, B. (1994) Survival of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida in the marine environment. Journal of Fish Diseases 17, 375–385.
Effendi, I. and Austin, B. (1995a) Dormant/unculturable cells of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Microbial Ecology 30, 183–192.
Effendi, I. and Austin, B. (1995b) Uptake of Aeromonas salmonicida by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 15, 115–118.
Eggset, G., Mortensen, A., Johansen, L.-H. and Sommer, A.-I. (1997) Susceptibility to furunculosis, cold water vibriosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a function of smolt status by seawater transfer. Aquaculture 158, 179–191.
Ehlinger, N.F. (1964) Selective breeding of trout for resistance to furunculosis. New York Fish and Game Journal 11, 78–90.
Ehlinger, N.F. (1977) Selective breeding of trout for resistance to furunculosis. New York Fish and Game Journal 24, 25–36.
El Morabit, A., García-Márquez, S. and Santos, Y. (2004) Is sea lamprey a potential source of infection with Aeromonas salmonicida for wild and farmed fish? Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 24, 100–103.
Elliott, D.G. and Shotts, E.B. (1980) Aetiology of an ulcerative disease in goldfish Carassius auratus (L.): microbiological examination of diseased fish from seven locations. Journal of Fish Diseases 3, 13–143.
Ellis, A.E., Hastings, T.S. and Munro, A.L.S. (1981) The role of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products in the pathology of furunculosis. Journal of Fish Diseases 4, 41–51.
Ellis, A.E. and Grisley, M.S. (1985) Serum antiproteases of salmonids: studies on the inhibition of trypsin and the proteolytic activity of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products. In: Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Fish and Shellfish Pathology. London, Academic Press, p.85–96.
Ellis, A.E., Burrows, A.S. and Stapleton, K.J. (1988a) Lack of relationship between virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida and the putative virulence factors: A-layer, extracellular proteases and extracellular haemolysins. Journal of Fish Diseases 11, 309–323.
Ellis, A.E., Burrows, A.S., Hastings, T.S. and Stapleton, K.J. (1988b) Identification of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular proteases as a protective antigen against furunculosis by passive immunization. Aquaculture 70, 207–218.
Ellis, A.E. and Stapleton, K.J. (1988) Differential susceptibility of salmonid fishes to furunculosis correlates with differential serum enhancement of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular protease activity. Microbial Pathogenesis 4, 299–304.
Ellis, A.E., doVale, A., Bowden, T.J., Thompson, K. and Hastings, T.S. (1997) In vivo production of A-protein, lipopolysaccharide, iron-regulated outer membrane proteins and 70-kDa serine protease by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 149, 157–163.
Elston, R., Drum, A.S. and Bunnell, P.R. (1995) Efficacy of orally administered difloxacin for the treatment of Atlantic salmon held in seawater. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 7, 22–28.
Embody, G.C. and Hayford, C.O. (1925) The advantage of rearing brook trout fingerlings from selected breeders. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 55, 135–142.
Emmerich, R. and Weibel, E. (1894) Über eine durch Bakterien erzengte Seuche unter den Forellen. Archives für Hygiene und Bakteriologie 21, 1–21.
Endo, T., Ogishima, K., Hayasaki, H., Kaneko, S. and Ohshima, S. (1973) Application of oxolinic acid as a chemotherapeutic agent for treating infectious diseases in fish. I. Antibacterial activity, chemotherapeutic effect and pharmacokinetic effect of oxolinic acid in fish. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 3, 165–171.
Evelyn, T.P.T. (1971a) An aberrant strain of the bacterial fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from a marine host, the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and from two species of cultured Pacific salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 28, 1629–1634.
Evenberg, D. and Lugtenberg, B. (1982) Cell surface of the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. II. Purification and characterization of a major cell envelope protein related to autoagglutination. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 684, 249–254.
Evenberg, D., van Boxtel, R., Lugtenberg, B., Frank, S., Blommaert, J. and Bootsma, R. (1982) Cell surface of the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. 1. Relationship between autoagglutination and the presence of a major cell envelope protein. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 684, 241–248.
Ewart, K.V., Williams, J., Richards, R.C., Gallant, J.W., Melville, K. and Douglas, S.E. (2008) The early response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophages exposed in vitro to Aeromonas salmonicida cultured in broth and in fish. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 32, 380–390.
Ewing, W.H., Hugh, R. and Johnson, J.G. (1961) Studies on the Aeromonas group. United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center. 37p.
Fabre-Domerque, J.P. (1890) On a disease of fish. Compte Rendu Memoranda du Société Biologique, Paris 42, 127–129.
Falco, A., Frost, P., Miest, J., Pionnier, N., Irnazarow, I. and Hoole, D. (2012) Reduced inflammatory response to Aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed wirg ß-glucan supplements. Fish & Shellfish Immunology doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.028
Farto, R., Milton, D.L., Bermúdez, M.B. and Nieto, T.P. (2011) Colonization of turbot tissues by virulent and avirulent Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains during infection. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 95, 167–173.
Fehr, D., Casanova, C., Liverman, A., Blazkova, H., Orth, K., Dobbelaere, D., Frey, J. and Burr, S.E. (2006) AopP, a type III effector protein of Aeromonas salmonicida, inhibits the NF-?B signalling pathway. Microbiology 152, 2809–2818.
Ferguson, Y., Glover, L.A., McGillivray, D.M. and Prosser, J.I. (1995) Survival and activity of lux-marked Aeromonas salmonicida in seawater. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, 3494–3498.
Ferguson, Y., Bricknell, I.R., Glover, L.A., MacGregor, D.M. and Prosser, J.I. (1998) Colonissation and transmission of lux-marked and wild type Aeromonas salmonicida strains in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). FEMS Microbiology Ecology 27, 251–260.
Fernandes, P.B., Hanson, C.W., Stamm, J.M., Chu, D.T.W., Bailer, R. and Vojtko, C. (1987) The frequency of in vitro resistance development to fluoroquinolones and the use of a murine pyelonephritis model to demonstrate selection of resistance in vivo. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 19, 446–449.
Fernandez, A.I.G., Fernández, A.F., Pérez, M.J., Nieto, T.P. and Ellis, A.E. (1998) Siderophore production by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Lack of strain specificity. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 33, 87–92.
Field, J.B., Gee, L.L., Elvehjem, C.A. and Juday, C. (1944) The blood picture in furunculosis induced by Bacterium salmonicida in fish. Archives of Biochemistry 3, 277–284.
Fijan, N.N. (1972) Infectious dropsy of carp - a disease complex. Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 30, 39–57.
Fischel, D. and Enoch, H.P. (1892) Cited by Wiliamson (1929).
Ford, L.A. (1994) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from water using a filtration method. Aquaculture 122, 1–7.
Ford, L.A., Barbash, P.A. and Cipriano, R.C. (1998) Control of furunculosis and enteric redmouth disease in sea run salmon broodstock in the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers. Progressive Fish Culturist 60, 88–94.
Forel, F. (1868) Red disease of trout. Bulletin de la Société Vandoise des Sciences Naturelles, Lausanne 9, 599–608.
Frerichs, G.N., Millar, S.D. and McManus, C. (1992) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from health wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 12, 48–49.
Fryer, J.L., Hedrick, R.P., Park, J.W. and Hah, Y.C. (1988) Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida from masu salmon in the Republic of Korea. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24, 364–365.
Fuller, D.W., Pilcher, K.S. and Fryer, J.L. (1977) A leucocytolytic factor isolated from cultures of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34, 1118–1125.
Fyfe, L., Finley, A., Coleman, G. and Munro, A.L.S. (1986) A study of the pathological effect of isolated Aeromnas salmonicida extracellular protease on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 9, 403–409.
Fyfe, L., Coleman, G. and Munro, A.L.S. (1987a) Identification of major common extracellular proteins secreted by Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 722–726.
Fyfe, L., Coleman, G. and Munro, A.L.S. (1987b) A comparative study of the formation of extracellular proteins by Aeromonas salmonicida at two different temperatures. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 62, 367–370.
Garduño, R.A., Thornton, J.C. and Kay, W.W. (1993a) Fate of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, 1051–1058.
Garduño, R.A., Thornton, J.C. and Kay, W.W. (1993b) Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. Infection and Immunity 61, 3854–3862.
Garduño, R.A., Phipps, B.M. and Kay, W.W. (1994) Physiological consequences of the S-layer of Aeromonas salmonicida in relation to growth, temperature, and outer membrane permeation. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, 622–629.
Garduño, R.A. and Kay, W.W. (1995) Capsulated cells of Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro have different functional properties than capsulated cells grown in vivo. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, 941–945.
Garduño, R.A., Kuzyk, M.A. and Kay, W.W. (1997) Structural and physiological determinants of resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida to reactive radicals. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, 1044–1053.
Gayer, E.K., Bekesi, L. and Csaba, G. (1980) Some aspects of the histopathology of carp erythrodermatitis (CE). In: Ahne, W. (ed.), Fish Diseases, Third COPRAQ-Session. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.127–136.
Geldreich, E.E. (1977) Microbiology of water. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 69, 122–1244.
Gibb, A. and Austin, B. (1994) A stable L-form of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Letters in Applied Microbiology 19, 473–476.
Gibb, A., McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1996) Characterization of a stable L-form of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Letters in Applied Microbiology 23, 445–447.
Giles, J.S., Hariharan, H. and Heaney, S.B. (1995) The plasmid profiles of fish pathogenic isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum, and Vibrio ordalii from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, 209–216.
Gjedrem, T. and Gjoen, H.M. (1995) Genetic variation in susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to furunculosis, BKD and cold water vibriosis. Aquaculture Research 26, 129–134.
Godoy, M., herardelli, V., Heisinger, A., Fernández, J., Olmos, P., Ovalle, L., Ilardi, P. and Avendaño-Herrera, R. (2010) First description of atypical furunculosis in freshwater farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Chile. Journal of Fish Diseases 33, 441–449.
Goldschmidt-Clermont, E., Hochwrtner, O., Demarta, A., Caminada, A.-P. and Frey, J. (2009) Outbreaks of an ulcerative and haemorrhagic disease in Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. smithia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 86, 81–86.
Goodwin, A.E. and Merry, G.E. (2009) Are all koi ulcer cases associated with infection by atypical Aeromonas salmonicida? Polymerase chain reaction assays of koi carp skin swabs submitted by hobbyists. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 21, 98–103.
Graham, S., Jeffries, A.H. and Secombes, C.J. (1988) A novel assay to detect macrophage bacterial activity in fish: factors influencing the killing of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 11, 389–396.
Griffin, P.J. (1953) The nature of bacteria pathogenic to fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 83, 241–253.
Griffin, P.J., Snieszko, S.F. and Friddle, S.B. (1953a) A more comprehensive description of Bacterium salmonicida. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 82, 129–138.
Griffin, P.J., Snieszko, S.F. and Friddle, S.B. (1953b) Pigment formation by Bacterium salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 65, 652–659.
Grisley, M.S., Ellis, A.E., Hastings, T.S. and Munro, A.L.S. (1984) An alpha-migrating anti-protease in normal salmonid plasma and its relationship to the neutralization of Aeromonas salmonicida toxins. In: Acuigrup (ed.), Fish Diseases, Fourth COPRAQ-Session. Madrid, Editora ATP, p.77–82.
Grøntvedt, R.N., Lund, V. and Espelid, S. (2004) Atypical furunculosis in spotted wolffish (Anarhichas min or O.) juveniles: bath vaccination and challenge. Aquaculture 232, 69–80.
Grove, S., Høie, S. and Evensen, Ø. (2003) Distribution and retention of antigens of Aeromnas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated with a ?aroA mutant or formalin-inactivated bacteria in oil-adjuvant. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 15, 349–358.
Gudmundsdóttir, B.K. (1996) Comparison of extracellular proteases by Aeromonas salmonicida strains, isolated from various fish species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 80, 105–113.
Gudmundsdottir, B.K., Hasting, T.S. and Ellis, A.E. (1990) Isolation of a new toxic protease from a strain of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies achromogenes. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 9, 199–208.
Gudmundsdóttir, B.K. and Gudmundsdóttir, S. (1997) Evaluation of cross protection by vaccines against atypical and typical furunculosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 20, 343–350.
Gudmundsdóttir, B.K., Jónsdóttir, H., Stenhorsdóttir, B., Magnadóttir and Gudmundsdóttir, S. (1997) Survival and humoral antibody response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated against Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes. Journal of Fish Diseases 20, 351–360.
Gudmundsdóttir, B.K., Hvanndal, Í, Björnsdóttir, B. and Wagner, U. (2003) Analysis of exotoxins produced by atypical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida, by enzymatic and serological methods. Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 15–29.
Gunnlaugsdóttir, B. and Gudmundsdóttir, B.K. (1997) Pathogenicity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon compared with protease production. Journal of Applied Microbiology 83, 542–551.
Gutsell, J. (1946) Sulfa drugs and the treatment of furunculosis in trout. Science 104, 85–86.
Hackett, J.L., Lynch, W.H., Paterson, W.D. and Coombs, D.H. (1984) Extracellular protease, extracellular hemolysis, and virulence in Aeromonas salmonicida. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41, 1354–1360.
Hahnel, G.B., Gould, R.W. and Boatman, E.S. (1983) Serological comparison of selected strains of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 6, 1–11.
Hall, J.D. (1963) An ecological study of the chestnut lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard, in the Manistee River, Michigan. Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, 106
Hamilton, A.J., Fallon, M.J.M., Alexander, J. and Canning, E.U. (1986) A modified enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring antibody production during experimental Aeromonas salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Developmental and Comparative Immunology 10, 443–448.
Hamilton, R.C., Kalnins, H., Ackland, N.R. and Ashburner, L.D. (1981) An extra layer in the surface layers of an atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from Australian goldfish. Journal of General Microbiology 122, 363–366.
Han, H.-J., Kim, D.-Y., Kim, W.-S., Kim, C.-S., Jung, S.-J., Oh, M.-J. and Kim, D.-H. (2011a) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in the black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf, in Korea. Journal of Fish Diseases 34, 47–55.
Hänninen, M.-L., Ridell, J. and Hirvelä-Koski, V. (1995) RAPD analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 79, 181–185.
Hänninen, M.-L. and Hirvelä-Koski, V. (1997) Molecular and phenotypic methods for the characterization of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida. Veterinary Microbiology 56, 147–158.
Håstein, T. and Bullock, A.M. (1976) An acute septicaemic disease of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by a Pasteurella- like organism. Journal of Fish Biology 8, 23–26.
Hastings, T.S. and Ellis, A.E. (1985) Differences in the production of haemolytic and proteolytic activities by various isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Fish and Shellfish Pathology. London, Academic Press, p.69–77.
Hastings, T.S. and McKay, A. (1987) Resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida to oxolinic acid. Aquaculture 61, 165–171.
Hastings, T.S. and Ellis, A.E. (1988) The humoral immune response of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and rabbits to Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products. Journal of Fish Diseases 11, 147–160.
Hedges, R.W., Smith, P. and Brazil, G. (1985) Resistance plasmids of aeromonads. Journal of General Microbiology 131, 2091–2095.
Hellberg, H., Moksness, E. and Høie, S. (1996) Infection with atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in farmed common wolffish, Anarhichas lupus. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 329–332.
Hennigan, M., Vaughan, L.M., Foster, T.J., Smith, P. and Gannon, F. (1989) Characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida strains using DNA probe technology. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, 877–879.
Henery, M.A. and Secombes, C.J. (2000) The A-layer influences the susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida to antibacterial peptides. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 10, 637–642.
Herman, R.L. (1968) Fish furunculosis 1952–1966. Transactions of the American Fisheries 97, 221–230.
Herman, R.L. (1972) A review of the prevention and treatment of furunculosis. FI: EIFAC 72/SC II Symposium 19, 1–6.
Hikada, T., Yanohara, Y. and Shibata, T. (1983) On the causative bacteria of head ulcer disease in cultured eels. Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University 32, 147–165.
Hiney, M., Dawson, M.T., Heery, D.M., Smith, P.R., Gannon, F. and Powell, R. (1992) DNA probe for Aeromonas salmonicida. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology 58, 1039–1042.
Hiney, M.P., Kilmartin, J.J. and Smith, P.R. (1994) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon with asymptomatic furunculosis infections. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 19, 161–167.
Hirst, I.D., Hastings, T.S. and Ellis, A.E. (1991) Siderophore production by Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1185–1192.
Hirst, I.D. and Ellis, A.E. (1996) Utilization of transferrin and salmon serum as sources of iron by typical and atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. Microbiology 142, 1543–1550.
Hirvelä-Koski, V., Koski, P. and Niiranen, H. (1994) Biochemical properties and drug resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida in Finland. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 20, 191–196.
Hjeltnes, B., Bergh, Ø., Wergeland, H. and Holm, J.C. (1995) Susceptibility of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and wrasse (Labridae) to Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the possibility of transmission of furunculosis from farmed salmon Salmo salar to marine fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 23, 25–31.
Hoel, K., Salonius, K. and Lillehaug, A. (1997) Vibrio antigens of polyvalent vaccines enhance the humoral immune response to Aeromonas salmonicida antigens in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 7, 71–80.
Hoel, K., Reitan, L.J. and Lillehaug, A. (1998a) Immunological cross reactions between Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio salmonicida in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rabbit. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 8, 171–182.
Hoel, K., Holstad, G. and Lillehaug, A. (1998b) Adjuvant activities of a Vibrio salmonicida bacterin on T-dependent and T-independent antigens in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 8, 287–293.
Høi, L., Larsen, J.L., Dalsgaard, I. and Dalsgaard, A. (1998) Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes in Danish marine environments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 7–13.
Høie, S., Heum, M. and Thoresen, O.F. (1996) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida by polymerase chain reaction in Atlantic salmon vaccinated against furunculosis. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 6, 199–206.
Høie, S., Heum, M. and Thoresen, O.F. (1997) Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for the detection of Aeromonas salmonicida ss. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 30, 27–35.
Holder-Franklin, M.A., Thorpe, A. and Cormier, C.J. (1981) Comparison of numerical taxonomy and DNA-DNA hybridization in diurnal studies of river bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 27, 1165–1184.
Horne, J.H. (1928) Furunculosis in trout and the importance of carriers in the spread of disease. Journal of Hygiene, Cambridge 28, 67–78.
Hsu, H.-M., Bowser, P.R., Schachte, J.H. Jr., Scarlett, J.M. and Babish, J.G. (1995) Winter field trials of enrofloxacin for the control of Aeromonas salmonicida infection in salmonids. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26, 307–314.
Huntly, P.J., Coleman, G. and Munro, A.L.S. (1992) The nature of the lethal effect on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of a lipopolysaccharide-free phospholipase activity isolated from the extracellular products of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 15, 99–102.
Hussain, I., Mackie, C., Cox, D., Alderson, R. and Birkbeck, T.H. (2000) Suppression of the humoral immune response of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. by the 64 kDa serine protease of Aeromonas salmonicida . Fish & Shellfish Immunology 10, 359–373.
Iida, T., Sakata, C., Kawatsu, H. and Kukuda, Y. (1997) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in cultured marine fish. Fish Pathology 32, 65–66.
Inglis, V. and Richards, R.H. (1991) The in vitro susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida and other fish-pathogenic bacteria to 29 antimicrobial agents. Journal of Fish Diseases 14, 641–650.
Inglis, V., Robertson, D., Miller, K., Thompson, K.D. and Richards, R.H. (1996) Antibiotic protection against recrudescence of latent Aeromonas salmonicida during furunculosis vaccination. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 341–348.
Irie, T., Watarai, S., Iwasaki, T. and Kodama, H. (2005) Protection against experimental Aeromonas salmonicida infection in carp by oral immunisation with bacterial antigen entrapped liposomes. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 18, 235–242.
Ishiguro, E.E., Kay, W.W., Ainsworth, T., Chamberlain, J.B., Austen, R.A., Buckley, J.T. and Trust, T.J. (1981) Loss of virulence during culture of Aeromonas salmonicida at high temperature. Journal of Bacteriology 148, 333–340.
Jiwa, S.F.H. (1983) Enterotoxigenicity, haemagglutination and cell-surface hydrophobicity in Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria and A. salmonicida. Veterinary Microbiology 8, 17–34.
Johnson, C.M., Tatner, M.F. and Horne, M.T. (1985) Comparison of the surface properties of seven strains of a fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Biology 27, 445–458.
Johnson, K.A. and Amend, D.F. (1984) Potential for immersion vaccination against Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 7, 101–105.
Jutfelt, F., Olsen, R.E., Glette, J., Ringø, E. and Sundell, K. (2006) Translocation of viable Aeromonas salmonicida across the intestine of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases 29, 255–262.
Jutfelt, F., Sundh, H., Glette, J., Mellander, L., Thrandur Björnsson, B. and Sundell, K. (2008) The involvement of Aeromonas salmonicida virulence factors in bacterial translocation across the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) intestine. Journal of Fish Diseases 31, 141–151.
Kaku, Y., Yamada, Y. and Wakabayashi, H. (1999) Characterization of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from an epizootic ulcerative disease in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish Pathology 34, 155–162.
Kaper, J.B., Sayler, G.S., Baldini, M.M. and Colwell, R.R. (1977) Ambient-temperature primary nonselective enrichment for isolation of Salmonella spp. from an estuarine environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 33, 829–835.
Karlsson, K.A. (1962) An investigation of the Aeromonas salmonicida haemolysin. Ninth Nordic Veterinary Cogress, Kobenhavn.
Karlsson, K.A. (1964) Serological studies of Aeromonas salmonicida. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene 194, 73–80.
Kawahara, E. and Kusuda, R (1987). Direct fluorescent antibody technique for diagnosis of bacterial disease in eel. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53, 395–399.
Kawahara, E., Oshima, S. and Nomura, S. (1990) Toxicity and immunogenicity of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products to salmonids. Journal of Fish Diseases 13, 495–503.
Kay, W.W., Buckley, J.T., Ishiguro, E.E., Phipps, B.M., Monette, J.P.L. and Trust, T.J. (1981) Purification and disposition of a surface protein associated with virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 147, 1077–1084.
Kay, W.W., Phipps, B.M., Ishiguro, E.E. and Trust, T.J. (1985) Porphyrin binding by the surface array virulence protein of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 164, 1332–1336.
Kay, W.W. and Trust, T.J. (1991) Form and functions of the regular surface array (S-layer) of Aeromonas salmonicida. Experientia 47, 412–414.
Kilian, M. (1976) A taxonomic study of the genus Haemophilus, with the proposal of a new species. Journal of General Microbiology 93, 9–62.
Kim, J.H., Son, J.S., Choi, Y.J., Choresca, C.H., Shin, S.P., Han, J.E., Jun, J.W., Kang, D.H., Oh, C., Heo, S.J. and Park, S.C. (2012a) Isolation and characterization of lytic Myoviridae bacteriophage PAS-1 with broad infectivity in Aeromonas salmonicida. Current Microbiology 64, 418–426.
Kim, J.S., Harikrishnan, R., Kim, M.-C., Balasundaram, C. and Heo, M.-S. (2012b) Broussonetia kazinoki as a feed additive enhances disease resistance against Streptococcus parauberis in Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Pathology 47, 20–22.
Kimura, T. (1969a) A new subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida as an etiological agent of furunculosis on 'Sakuramasu' (Oncorhynchus masou) and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) rearing for maturity. Part 1. On the serological properties. Fish Pathology 3, 34–44.
Kimura, T. (1969b) A new subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida as an etiological agent of furunculosis on 'Sakuramasu' (Oncorhynchus masou) and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) rearing for maturity. Part 2. On the morphological and physiological properties. Fish Pathology 3, 45–52.
Kimura, T. (1970) Studies on a bacterial disease of adult 'Sakuramasu' (Oncorhynchus masou) and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) reared for maturity. Scientific Report of the Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery 24, 9–100.
King, C.H. and Shotts, E.B. (1988) Enhancement of Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas salmonicida through ingestion by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 51, 95–100.
Kitao, T., Yoshida, T., Aoki, T. and Fukudome, M. (1984) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of an ulcer disease of eel occurred in Kagoshima Prefecture. Fish Pathology 19, 113–117.
Kitao, T. and Yoshida, Y. (1986) Effect of an immunopotentiator on Aeromonas salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 12, 287–296.
Klontz, G.W. (1968) Oral immunization of coho salmon against furunculosis. In: Progress in Sport Fishery Research. B.S.R.W. Resource Publication 39, 81–82.
Klontz, G.W., Yasutake, W.T. and Ross, A.J. (1966) Bacterial disease of the Salmonidae in the western United States: pathogenesis of furunculosis in rainbow trout. American Journal of Veterinary Research 27, 1455–1460.
Klontz, G.W. and Anderson, D.P. (1968) Fluorescent antibody studies of isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida. Bulletin de l'office International des Epizooties 69, 1149–1157.
Klontz, G.W. and Anderson, D.P. (1970) Oral immunization of salmonids: a review. In: Snieszko, S.F. (ed.), Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shellfishes. Washington D.C.., Special Publication, No. 5, American Fisheries Society, p.16–20.
Klontz, G.W. and Wood, J.W. (1972) Observations on the epidemiology of furunculosis disease in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). FI:EIFAC 72/SC II Symposium 27, 1–8.
Kluyver, A.J. and Van Niel, C.B. (1936) Prospects for a natural system of classification of bacteria. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Originale, 2 Abteilung 94, 369–403.
Köllner, B. and Kotterba, G. (2002) Temperature dependent activation of leucocyte populations of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after intraperitoneal immunisation with Aeromonas salmonicida. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 12, 35–48.
Koppang, E.O., Fjølstad, M., Melgård, B., Vigerust, M. and Sørum, H. (2000) Non-pigment-producing isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida: isolation, identification, transmission and pathogenicity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 23, 39–48.
Krantz, G.E., Reddecliff, J.M. and Heist, C.E. (1964a) Immune response of trout to Aeromonas salmonicida. Part 1. Development of agglutinating antibodies and protective immunity. Progressive Fish Culturist 26, 3–10.
Krantz, G.E., Reddecliff, J.M. and Heist, C.E. (1964b) Immune response of trout to Aeromonas salmonicida. Part 2. Evaluation of feeding techniques. Progressive Fish Culturist 26, 65–69.
Kumagai, A., Sugimoto, K., Itou, D., Kamaishi, T., Miwa, S. and Iida, T. (2006) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in cultured marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae. Fish Pathology 41, 7–12.
Kwon, M.G., Lee, J.-Y., Park, S., Iida, T., Hirono, I. and Aoki, T. (1997) RAPD analysis of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Japan. Fish Pathology 32, 109–115.
Laidler, L.A., Treasurer, J.W., Grant, A.N. and Cox, D.I. (1999) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in wrasse (Labridae) used as cleaner fish of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland. Journal of Fish Diseases 22, 209–213.
Lehmann, K.B. and Neumann, R. (1896) Atlas und Grundress der Bakteriologie. München, J.F. Lehmann.
Lewin, C.S. and Hastings, T.S. (1990) In vitro activities of oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 13, 377–384.
Liu, P.V. (1961) Observations on the specificities of extra-cellular antigens of the genera Aeromonas and Serratia. Journal of General Microbiology 24, 145–153.
Livesley, M.A., Smith, S.N., Armstrong, R.A. and Barker, G.A. (1997) Analysis of plasmid profile of Aeromonas salmonicida isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 146, 297–301.
Lund, M. (1967) A study of the biology of Aeromonas salmonicida (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Griffin 1954. M.Sc. thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
Lund, V., Jenssen, L.M. and Wesmajervi, M.S. (2002) Assessment of genetic variability and relatedness among atypical Aeromonas salmonicida from marine fishes, using AFLP fingerprinting. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 50, 119–126.
Lund, V., Arnesen, J.A., Coucheron, D., Modalsli, K. and Syvertsen, C. (2003) The Aeromonas salmonicida A-layer protein is an important protective antigen in oil-adjuvanted vaccines. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 15, 367–372.
Lund, V., Espelid, S. and Mikkelsen, H. (2003a) Vaccine efficacy in spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor: relationship to molecular variation in A-layer protein of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 56, 31–42.
Lund, V. and Mikkelsen, H. (2004) Genetic diversity among A-proteins of atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 61, 257–262.
Lund, V., Arnesen, J.A., Mikkelsen, H., Gravningen, K., Brown, L. and Schrøder, M.B. (2008a) Atypical furunculosis vaccines for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua); vaccine efficacy and antibody responses, Vaccine 26, 6791–6799.
Lund, V., Mikkelsen, H. and Schrøder, M.B. (2008b) Comparison of atypical furunculosis vaccines in spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor O.) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Vaccine 26, 2833–2840.
Lutwyche, P., Exner, M.M., Hancock, R.E.W. and Trust, T.J. (1995) A conserved Aeromonas salmonicida porin provides protective immunity to rainbow trout. Infection and Immunity 63, 3137–3142.
Lygren, B., Fausa Pettersen, E., Wergeland, H.I. and Endresen, C. (1998) An extracellular low molecular weight protease with activity against gelatin and casein produced earlier during growth of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida than the serine protease. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 18, 96–101.
Mackie, T.J., Arkwright, J.A., Pryce-Tannatt, T.E., Motram, J.C. and Johnstone, W.R. (1930, 1933 and 1935) Interim, Second and Final Reports of the Furunculosis Committee. Edinburgh, H.M.S.O.
Mackie, T.J. and Menzies, W.J.M. (1938) Investigations in Great Britain of furunculosis of the Salmonidae. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 51, 25.
MacInnes, J.I., Trust, T.J. and Crosa, J.H. (1979) Deoxyribonucleic acid relationships among members of the genus Aeromonas. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 25, 579–586.
Madetoja, J., Pylkkö, P., Pohjanvirta, T., Schildt, L. and Pelkonen, S. (2003a) Putative virulence factors of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), and European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.). Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 349–360.
Magnadóttir, B., Bambir, S.H., Gudmundsdóttir, B.K., Pilstrom, L. and Helgason, S. (2002) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in naturally and experimentally infected cod, Gadus morhua L. Journal of Fish Diseases 25, 583–597.
Maheshkumar, S., Goyal, S.M. and Economon, P.P. (1990) Concentration and detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from hatchery water. Journal of Fish Diseases 13, 513–518.
Markwardt, N.M., Gocha, Y.M. and Klontz, G.W. (1989) A new application for coomassie brilliant blue agar: detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in clinical samples. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 6, 231–233.
Marsden, M.J., Vaughan, L.M., Foster, T.J. and Secombes, C.J. (1996a) A live (?aroA) Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine for furunculosis preferentially stimulates T-cell responses relative to B-cell responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Infection and Immunity 64, 3863–3869.
Marsden, M.J., Collins, E. and Secombes, C.J. (1996b) Factors influencing the clearance of a genetically attenuated (?aroA) strain of Aeromonas salmonicida from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27, 89–94.
Marsden, M.J., Freeman, L.C., Cox, D. and Secombes, C.J. (1996c) Non-specific immune responses in families of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, exhibiting differential resistance to furunculosis. Aquaculture 146, 1–16.
Marsh, M.C. (1902) Bacterium truttae, a new bacterium pathogenic to trout. Science 16, 706.
Martin-Carnahan, A. and Joseph, S.W. (2005) Genus I. Aeromonas Stanier 1943, 213AL. In: Brenner, D.J., Krieg, N.R. and Staley, J.T. (eds) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, Vol. 2 The Proteobacteria, Part B The Gammaproteobacteria, New York, Springer, p. 557–578.
Martinez-Murcia, A.J., Esteve, C., Garay, E. and Collins, M.D. (1992) Aeromonas allosaccharophila sp. nov., a new mesophilic member of the genus Aeromonas. FEMS Microbiology Letters 91, 199–206.
Martinsen, B., Myhr, E., Reed, E. and Håstein, T. (1991) In vitro antimicrobial activity of sarafloxacin against clinical isolates of bacteria pathogenic to fish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3, 235–241.
Masada, C.L., LaPatra, S.E., Morton, A.W. and Strom, M.S. (2002) An Aeromonas salmonicida type IV pilin is required for virulence in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 51, 13–25.
Mawdesley-Thomas, L.E. (1969) Furunculosis in the goldfish Carassius auratus (L.). Journal of Fish Biology 1, 19–23.
McCarthy, D.H. (1975a) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida antigen in diseased fish tissue. Journal of General Microbiology 88, 185–187.
McCarthy, D.H. (1975b) Fish furunculosis. Journal of the Institute of Fisheries Management 6, 13–18.
McCarthy, D.H. (1976) Laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of fish-furunculosis and whirling disease. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods, Fisheries Research Technical Report no. 23, 5p.
McCarthy, D.H. (1977a) The identification and significance of atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. Bulletin de l'Office International des Epizooties 87, 459–463.
McCarthy, D.H. (1977b) Some ecological aspects of the bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. Society of Applied Bacteriology Symposium Aquatic Microbiology 6, 299–324.
McCarthy, D.H. (1978) A study of the taxonomic status of some bacteria currently assigned to the genus Aeromonas. Ph.D. thesis, Council of National Academic Awards, UK.
McCarthy, D.H. (1980) Some ecological aspects of the bacterial fish pathogen - Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Aquatic Microbiology. Symposium of the Society of Applied Bacteriology No. 6, p.299–324.
McCarthy, D.H., Stevenson, J.P. and Salsbury, A.W. (1974) Therapeutic efficacy of a potentiated sulphonamide in experimental furunculosis. Aquaculture 4, 407–410.
McCarthy, D.H. and Rawle, C.T. (1975) Rapid serological diagnosis of fish furunculosis caused by smooth and rough strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of General Microbiology 86, 185–187.
McCarthy, D.H. and Roberts, R.J. (1980) Furunculosis of fish - the present state of our knowledge. In: Droop, M.A. and Jannasch, H.W. (eds.), Advances in Aquatic Microbiology. London, Academic Press, p.293–341.
McCarthy, D.H., Amend, D.F., Johnson, K.A. and Bloom, J.V. (1983) Aeromonas salmonicida: determination of an antigen associated with protective immunity and evaluation of an experimental bacterin. Journal of Fish Diseases 6, 155–174.
McCashion, R.N. and Lynch, W.H. (1987) Effects of polymyxin B nonapeptide on Aeromonas salmonicida. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 31, 1414–1419.
McCraw, B.M. (1952) Furunculosis of fish. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report 84, 87p.
McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1988) Comparison of methods for the induction, propagation and recovery of L-phase variants of Aeromonas spp. Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research 6, 131–136.
McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1990a). Recovery of cell wall deficient forms (L-forms) of the fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 13, 378–381.
McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1991a) Atypical characteristics of the salmonid pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1341–1343.
McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1991b) The role of cell wall deficient bacteria (L-forms; sphaeroplasts) in fish diseases. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 70, 1S–7S.
McIntosh, D. and Austin, B. (1993) Potential use of vaccines based on cell-wall-defective or deficient (L-form) Aeromonas salmonicida for the control of furunculosis. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 5254–258.
Mellergaard, S. and Larsen, J.L. (1981) Haemagglutination activity of Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum strains isolated from diseased rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 1, 26–28.
Merino, S., Aguilar, A., Rubires, X., Simon-Pujol, D., Congregado, F. and Tomás, J.M. (1996) The role of the capsular polysaccharide of Aeromonas salmonicida in the adherence and invasion of fish cell lines. FEMS Microbiology Letters 142, 185–189.
Merino, S., Aguilar, A., Rubires, X., Abitiu, N., Regué, M. and Tomás, J.M. (1997a) The role of the capsular polysaccharide of Aeromonas hydrophila serogroup O:34 in the adherence to and invasion of fish cell lines. Research in Microbiology 148, 625–631.
Merino, S., Aguilar, A., Tomás, J.M., Bonet, R., Martinez, M.J., Simón-Pujol, D. and Congregado, F. (1997b) Complement resistance of capsulated strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. Microbial Pathogenesis 22, 315–320.
Michel, C. (1979) Furunculosis of salmonids: vaccination attempts in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by formalin-killed germs. Annales de Recherche Vétérinaire 10, 33–40.
Michel, C. (1980) A standardized model of experimental furunculosis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, 746–750.
Michel, C. and Dubois-Darnaudpeys, A. (1980) Persistence of the virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida kept in river sediments. Annales de Recherche Vétérinaire 11, 375–386.
Michel, C., Gerard, J.-P., Fourbet, B., Collas, R. and Chevalier, R. (1980) Emploi de la flumequine contre la furunculose des salmonides; essais therapeutiques et perspectives pratiques. Bulletin Français de Pisciculture 52, 154–162.
Michel, C., Gonzalez, R., Bonjour, E. and Avrameas, S. (1990) A concurrent increasing of natural antibodies and enhancement of resistance to furunculosis in rainbow trout. Annales de Recherche Vétérinaire 21, 211–218.
Midtlyng, P.J. (1996) A field study on intraperitoneal vaccination of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar L.) against furunculosis. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 6, 553–565.
Midtlyng, P.J., Reitan, L.J., Lillehaug, A. and Ramstad, A. (1996) Protection, immune responses and side effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated against furunculosis by different routes. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 6, 599–600.
Mitoma, Y., Aoki, T. and Crosa, J.H. (1984) Phylogenetic relationships among Vibrio anguillarum plasmids. Plasmid 12, 143–148.
Miyata, M., Aoki, T., Inglis, V., Yoshida, T. and Endo, M. (1995) RAPD analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 79, 181–185.
Miyata, M., Inglis, V. and Aoki, T. (1996) Rapid identification of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida by the polymerase chain reaction. Aquaculture 141, 13–24.
Moki, S.T., Nomura, T. and Yoshimizu, M. (1995) Effects of incubation temperature for isolation on auto-agglutination of Aeromonas salmonicida. Fish Pathology 30, 67–68.
Mooney, J., Powell, E., Clabby, C. and Powell, R. (1995) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida n wild Atlantic salmon using a specific DNA probe test. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 21, 131–135.
Morgan, J.A.W., Cranwell, P.A. and Pickup, R.W. (1991) Survival of Aeromonas salmonicida in Lake water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57, 1777–1782.
Morgan, J.A.W., Rhodes, G. and Pickup, R.W. (1993) Survival of non culturable Aeromonas salmonicida in lake water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 874–880.
Munn, C.B. and Trust, T.J. (1984) Role of additional protein layer in virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Acuigrup (ed.), Fish Diseases, Fourth COPRAQ-Session. Madrid, Editora ATP, p.69–73.
Munn, C.B., Ishiguro, E.E., Kay, W.W. and Trust, T.J. (1982) Role of surface components in serum resistance of virulent Aeromonas salmonicida. Infection and Immunity 36, 1069–1075.
Munro, A.L.S. (1984) A furunculosis vaccine - illusion or achievable objective. In: de Kinkelin, P.K. (ed.), Symposium on Fish Vaccination. Paris, Office International des Epizooties, p.97–120.
Munro, A.L.S., Hastings, T.S., Ellis, A.E. and Liversidge, J. (1980) Studies on an ichthyotoxic material produced extracellularly by the furunculosis bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Ahne, W. (ed.), Fish Diseases - Third COPRAQ Session. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.98–106.
Mutoloki, S., Brudeseth, B., Reite, O.B. and Evensen, Ø. (2006) The contribution of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products to the induction of inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) following vaccination with oil-based vaccines. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 20, 1–11.
Najimi, M., Lemos, M.L. and Osorio, C.R. (2008) Identification of heme uptake genes in the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Archives of Microbiology 190, 439–449.
Nakai, T., Miyakawa, M., Muroga, K. and Kamito, K. (1989a) The tissue distribution of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in artificially infected Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica. Fish Pathology 24, 23–28.
Nakatsugawa, T. (1994) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from cultured shotted halibut. Fish Pathology 29, 193–198.
Navot, N., Sinyakov, S. and Avtalion, R.R. (2011) Application of ultrasound in vaccination against goldfish ulcer disease: A pilot study. Vaccine 29, 1382–1389.
Nese, L. and Enger, Ø. (1993) Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida from salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and marine plankton. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 16, 79–81.
Nielsen, B., Olsen, J.E. and Larsen, J.L. (1993) Plasmid profiling as an epidemiological marker within Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 15, 129–135.
Nikl, L., Albright, L.J. and Evelyn, T.P.T. (1991) Influence of seven immunostimulants on the immune response of coho salmon to Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 12, 7–12.
Nilsson, W.B. and Strom, M.S. (2002) Detection and identification of bacterial pathogens of fish in kidney tissue using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 48, 175–185.
Nisr, R.B., Moody, A.J. and Gilpin, M.L. (2012) Screening microorganisms for insulin binding reveals binding by Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cepacia and novel attachment of insulin to Aeromonas salmonicida via the A-layer. FEMS Microbiology Letters doi: 10.1111/j 1574–6968.2011. 02484x
Nomura, S. and Saito, H. (1982) Production of the extracellular hemolytic toxin by an isolated strain of Aeromonas salmonicida. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 48, 1589–1597.
Nomura, S., Fujino, M., Yamakawa, M. and Kawahara, E. (1988) Purification and characterization of salmolysin, an extracellular hemolytic toxin from Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 170, 3694–3702.
Noonan, B. and Trust, T.J. (1995) The leucine zipper of Aeromonas salmonicida AbcA is required for the transcriptional activation of the P2 promoter of the surface-layer structural gene, vapA, in Escherichia coli. Molecular Microbiology 17, 379–386.
Nordmo, R., Varma, K.J., Sutherland, I.H. and Brokken, E.S. (1994) Florfenicol in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: Field evaluation of efficacy against furunculosis in Norway. Journal of Fish Diseases 17, 239–244.
Nordmo, R., Ramstad, A. and Holth Riseth, J.M. (1998) Induction of experimental furunculosis in heterogeneous test populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by use of a cohabitation method. Aquaculture 162, 11–21.
Norqvist, A., Hagström, Å. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1989) Protection of rainbow trout against vibriosis and furunculosis by the use of attenuated strains of Vibrio salmonicida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 1400–1405.
Novotny, A.J. (1978) Vibriosis and furunculosis in marine cultured salmon in Puget Sound. Washington Marine Fisheries Review 40, 52–55.
Oakey, H.J., Ellis, J.T. and Gibson, L.F. (1998) The development of random DNA probes specific for Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Applied Microbiology 84, 37–46.
O’Brien, D., Mooney, J., Ryan, D., Powell, E., Hiney, M., Smith, P.R. and Powell, R. (1994) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida, causal agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish, from the tank effluent of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 3874–3877.
O’Hici, B., Olivier, G. and Powell, R. (2000) Genetic diversity of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida demonstrated by random amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 39, 109–119.
Ohtsuka, H., Nakai, T., Muroga, K. and Jo, Y. (1984) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from diseased eels. Fish Pathology 19, 101–107.
O'Leary, W.M., Panos, C. and Helz, G.E. (1956) Studies on the nutrition of Bacterium salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 72, 673–676.
Olivier, G. (1990) Virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida: lack of relationship with phenotypic characteristics. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2, 119–127.
Olivier, G., Evelyn, T.P.T. and Lallier, R. (1985a) Immunogenicity of vaccines from a virulent and an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 8, 43–55.
Olivier, G., Evelyn, T.P.T. and Lallier, R. (1985b) Immunity to Aeromonas salmonicida in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) induced by modified Freunds complete adjuvant: its non-specific nature and the probable role of macrophages in the phenomenon. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 9, 419–432.
Olivier, G., Eaton, C.A. and Campbell, N. (1986) Interaction between Aeromonas salmonicida and peritoneal macrophages of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 12, 223–234.
Olson, B.H. (1978) Enhanced accuracy of coliform testing in seawater by a modification of the Most Probable Number method. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36, 438–444.
Ortega, C., Ruiz, I., De Blas, I., Muzquiz, J.L., Fernandez, A. and Alonso, J.L. (1996) Furunculosis control using a paraimmunization stimulant (Baypamun) in rainbow trout. Veterinary Research (Paris) 27, 561–568.
Palmer, R. and Smith, P.R. (1980) Studies on vaccination of Atlantic salmon against furunculosis. In: Ahne, W. (ed.), Fish Diseases, Third COPRAQ-Session. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.107–112.
Parker, N.D. and Munn, C.B. (1985) Cell surface properties of virulent and attenuated strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Fish and Shellfish Pathology. London, Academic Press, p.97–105.
Paterson, W.D. (1974) Biochemical and serological differentiation of several pigment-producing aeromonads. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31, 1259–1261.
Paterson, W.D. (1982) Furunculosis and other associated diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Anderson, D.P., Dorson, M. and Dubouget, P. (eds), Antigens of Fish Pathogens: Development and Production for Vaccines and Serodiagnostics. Lyon, Collection Foundation Marcel Merieux, p.119–137.
Paterson, W.D. and Fryer, J.L. (1974a) Immune response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Aeromonas salmonicida endotoxin. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31, 1743–1749.
Paterson, W.D. and Fryer, J.L. (1974b) Immune response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Aeromonas salmonicida cells administered intraperitoneally in Freund's complete adjuvant. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31, 1751–1755.
Paterson, W.D., Douey, D. and Desautels, D. (1980) Relationships between selected strains of typical and atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Haemophilus piscium. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 26, 588–598.
Pavan, M.E., Abbott, S.L., Zorzópulus, J. and J.M. Janda (2000) Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolyticus subsp. nov., a new pectinase-positive subspecies isolates from a heavily polluted river. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50, 1119–1124.
Pedersen, K., Kofod, H., Dalsgaard, I. and Larsen, J.L. (1994) Isolation of oxidase-negative Aeromonas salmonicida from disease turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18, 149–154.
Pedersen, K., Dalsgaard, I. and Larsen, J.L. (1996a) Characterization of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolates by ribotyping and plasmid profiling. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 80, 37–44.
Peréz, M.J., Rodríguez, L.A. and Nieto, T.P. (1998) The acetylcholinesterase ichthyotoxin is a common component of the extracellular products of Vibrionaceae strains. Journal of Applied Microbiology 84, 47–52.
Phipps, B.M., Trust, T.J., Ishiguro, E.E. and Kay, W.W. (1983) Purification and characterization of the cell surface virulent A protein from Aeromonas salmonicida. Biochemistry 22, 2934–2939.
Pickup, R.W., Rhodes, G., Cobban, R.J. and Clarke, K.J. (1996) The postponement of non-culturability in Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 65–74.
Plehn, M. (1911) Die Furunculose der Salmoniden. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Originale, Abeilung 1 60, 609–624.
Popoff, M. (1969) Étude sur les Aeromonas salmonicida. I. Caractéres biochemiques et antigéniques. Recherches Vétérinaire 3, 49–57.
Popoff, M. (1970) Bacterioses, generalities - Aeromonas et Aeromonose. Mimeograph, p. 38. Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique.
Popoff, M. (1971a) Étude sur les Aeromonas salmonicida. II. Caracterisation des bactériophages actifs sur les 'Aeromonas salmonicida' et lysoypie. Annales de Recherches Vétérinaire 2, 33–45.
Popoff, M. (1971b) Interest diagnostique d'un bactériophage specifique des Aeromonas salmonicida. Annales de Recherches Vétérinaire 2, 137–139.
Popoff, M. (1984) Genus III. Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 398AL. In: Krieg, N.R. and Holt, J.G. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, p. 545–548.
Pylkkö, P., Pohjanvirta, T., Madetoja, J. and Pelkonen, S. (2005) Characterisation of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and European grayling Thymallus thymallus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 66, 121–128.
Rabb, L., Cornick, J.W. and MacDermott, L.A. (1964) A macroscopic slide agglutination test for the presumptive diagnosis of furunculosis in fish. Progressive Fish Culturist 26, 118–120.
Real, F., Acosta, B., Déniz, S., Oros, J. and Rodriguez, E. (1994) Aeromonas salmonicida infection in Sparus aurata in the Canaries. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 14, 153–155.
Reith, M.E., Singh, R.K., Curtis, B., Boyd, J.M., Bouevitch, A., Kimball, J., Munholland, J., Murphy, C., Sarty, D., Williams, J., Nash, J.H., Johnson, S.C. and Brown, L.L. (2008) The genome of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449: insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen. BMC Genomics 9, 427. (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-427).
Roberts, S.D. (1980) A method of reducing the carrier state of Aeromonas salmonicida in juvenile Pacific salmon. M.S. thesis, University of Idaho, U.S.A.
Robertson, P.A.W., Austin, D.A. and Austin, B. (2005) Prevention of ulcer disease in goldfish by means of vaccination. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 17, 203–209.
Rockey, D.D., Fryer, J.L. and Rohovec, J.S. (1988) Separation and in vivo analysis of two extracellular proteases and the T-hemolysin from Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 5, 197–204.
Rockey, D.D., Shook, L.A., Fryer, J.L. and Rohovec, J.S. (1989) Salmonid serum inhibits hemolytic activity of the secreted hemolysin of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 1, 263–268.
Rockey, D.D., Dungan, C.F., Lundar, T. and Rohovec, J.S. (1991) Monoclonal antibodies against Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysacharide identify differences among strains. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 10, 115–120.
Rodgers, C.J. (1990) Immersion vaccination for control of fish furunculosis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 8, 69–72.
Rodgers, C.J., Pringle, J.H., McCarthy, D.H. and Austin, B. (1981) Quantitative and qualitative studies of Aeromonas salmonicida bacteriophage. Journal of General Microbiology 125, 335–345.
Rodgers, C.J. and Austin, B. (1985) Oral immunisation against furunculosis: an evaluation of two field trials. In: Manning, M.J. and Tatner, M.F. (eds), Fish Immunology. London, Academic Press, p.185–194.
Rodriguez-Ramillo, S.T., Toro, M.A., Bouza, C., Hermida, M., Pardo, B.G., Cabaleiro, S., Martinez, P. and Fernandez, J. (2011) QTL detection for Aeromonas salmonicida resistance related traits in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). BMC Genomics 12, DOI: 101186/1471-2164-12-541
Rørvik, K.-A., Dehli, A., Thomasen, M., Ruyter, B., Steien, S.H. and Salte, R. (2003) Synergistic effects of dietary iron and omega-3 fatty acid levels on survival of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during natural outbreaks of furunculosis and cold water vibriosis. Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 477–485.
Rose, A.S., Ellis, A.E. and Munro, A.L.S. (1989) The infectivity of different routes of exposure and shedding rates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., held in sea water. Journal of Fish Diseases 12, 573–578.
Rose, A.S., Ellis, A.E. and Munro, A.L.S. (1990a) Evidence against dormancy in the bacterial fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 68, 105–108.
Rose, A.S., Ellis, A.E. and Munro, A.L.S. (1990b) The survival of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in seawater. Journal of Fish Diseases 13, 205–214.
Ross, A.D. (1966) Endotoxin studies. In: Progress in Sport Fishery Research. Resource Publication 39, 77p.
Sakai, D.K. (1977) Causative factors of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid furunculosis: extracellular protease. Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Fish Hatchery 32, 61–89.
Sakai, D.K. (1978) Colliquative activity of purified protease for muscular tissue in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Scientific Reports of the Hokkaido Fish Hatchery 33, 55–73.
Sakai, D.K. (1984) The non-specific activation of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson complement by Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products and the correlation of complement activity with the inactivation of lethal toxicity products. Journal of Fish Diseases 7, 329–338.
Sakai, D.K. (1985) Significance of extracellular protease for growth of a heterotrophic bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, 1031–1037.
Sakai, D.K. (1986a) Kinetics of adhesion associated with net electrical charges in agglutinating Aeromonas salmonicida cells and their spheroplasts. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 52, 31–36.
Sakai, D.K. (1986b) Electrostatic mechanism of survival of virulent Aeromonas salmonicida strains in river water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51, 1343–1349.
Sakai, D.K. (1987) Adhesion of Aeromonas salmonicida strains associated with net electrostatic charges to host tissue cells. Infection and Immunity 55, 704–710.
Sakai, M., Atsuta, S. and Kobayashi, M. (1986) A streptococcal disease of cultured Jacopever, Sebastes schlegeli. Suisanzoshuku (Aquiculture) 34, 171–177.
Saleh, M., Soliman, H., Haenen, O. and El-Matbouli, M. (2011) Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles immunoassay for direct detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues. Journal of Fish Diseases 34, 845–852.
Samuelsen, O.B., Hjeltnes, B. and Glette, J. (1998) Efficacy of orally administered florfenicol in the treatment of furunculosis in Atlantic salmon. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10, 56–61.
Sandvick, O. and Hagan, O. (1968) Serological studies on proteinases produced by Aeromonas salmonicida and other aeromonads. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 9, 1–9.
Santos, Y., García-Marquez, S., Pereira, P.G., Pazos, F., Riaza, A., Silva, R., El Morabit, A. and Ubeira, F.M. (2005) Efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.): evaluation of immersion, oral and injection delivery. Journal of Fish Diseases 28, 165–172.
Scallan, A. and Smith, P.R. (1985) Control of asymptomatic carriers of Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon smolts with flumequine. In: Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Fish and Shellfish Pathology. New York, Academic Pres, p.119–127.
Schubert, R.H.W. (1961) Über die biochemischen Merkmale von Aeromonas salmonicida. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten and Hygiene 1. Originale 183, 485–494.
Schubert, R.H.W. (1967a) The taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936. Part 1. Suggestions on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the aerogenic Aeromonas species. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 17, 23–37.
Schubert, R.H.W. (1967b) The taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936. Part II. Suggestions on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the anaerogenic Aeromonas species. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 17, 237–279.
Schubert, R.H.W. (1974) Genus II. Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 398. In: Buchanan, R.E. and Gibbons, N.E. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edn. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, p.345–348.
Scott, M. (1968) The pathogenicity of Aeromonas salmoncida (Griffin) in sea and brackish water. Journal of General Microbiology 50, 864–868.
Sheeran, B. and Smith, P.R. (1981) A second extracellular proteolytic activity associated with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 11, 73–76.
Sheeran, B., Drinan, E. and Smith, P.R. (1984) Preliminary studies on the role of extracellular proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of furunculosis. In: Acuigrup (ed.), Fish Diseases, Fourth COPRAQ-Session. Madrid, Editora ATP, p.89–100.
Shieh, H.S. (1985) Vaccination of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., against furunculosis with protease from an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Biology 27, 97–101.
Shieh, H.S. and MacLean, J.R. (1975) Purification and properties of an extra-cellular protease of Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. International Journal of Biochemistry 6, 653–656.
Shotts, Jr., E.B., Talkington, F.D., Elliott, D.G. and McCarthy, D.H. (1980) Aetiology of an ulcerative disease in goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.): characterization of the causative agent. Journal of Fish Diseases 3, 181–186.
Siegel, D.C. and Congleton, J.L. (1997) Bactericidal activity of juvenile chinook salmon macrophages against Aeromonas salmonicida after exposure to live or heat killed Renibacterium salmoninarum or to soluble proteins produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 9, 180–189.
Singleton, F.L., Attwell, R.W., Jangi, M.S. and Colwell, R.R. (1982a) Influence of salinity and organic nutrient concentration on survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae in aquatic microcosms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43, 1080–1085.
Singleton, F.L., Attwell, R., Jangi, S. and Colwell, R.R. (1982b) Effects of temperature and salinity on Vibrio cholerae growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44, 1047–1058.
Siwicki, A.K., Klein, P., Morand, M., Kiczka, W. and Studnicka, M. (1998) Immunostimulatory effects of dimerized lysozyme (KLP-602) on the nonspecific defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in salmonids). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 61, 369–378.
Skerman, V.B.D., McGowan, V. and Sneath, P.H.A. (1980) Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30, 225–420.
Smith (1939) Cited by McFaddin, T.W. (1969)
Smith, I.W. (1962) Furunculosis in kelts. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland. Freshwater and Salmon Fisheries Research 27, 1–5.
Smith, I.W. (1963) The classification of Bacterium salmonicida. Journal of General Microbiology 33, 263–274.
Smith, P.D., McCarthy, D.H. and Paterson, W.D. (1980) Further studies on furunculosis vaccination. In: Ahne, W. (ed.), Fish Diseases, Third COPRAQ-Session. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p.113–119.
Smith, P.R. (1991) Stress test picks up furunculosis carriers. Fish Farmer 14, 42.
Smith, P.R., Brazil, G.M., Drinan, E.M., O'Kelly, J., Palmer, R. and Scallan, A. (1982) Lateral transmission of furunculosis in sea water. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 3, 41–42.
Snieszko, S.F. (1957) Genus IV. Aeromonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936. In: Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. and Smith, N.R. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edn. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, p.189–193.
Snieszko, S.F. (1958a) Fish furunculosis. Fishery Leaflet 467 . United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 4p.
Snieszko, S.F. and Friddle, S.B. (1949) Prophylaxis of furunculosis in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by oral immunization and sulphamerazine. Progressive Fish Culturist 1, 161–168.
Snieszko, S.F., Griffin, P. and Friddle, S.B. (1950) A new bacterium (Haemophilus piscium n. sp.) from ulcer disease of trout. Journal of Bacteriology 59, 699–710.
Snieszko, S.F. and Bullock, G.L. (1957) Treatment of sulfonamide-resistant furunculosis in trout and determination of drug sensitivity. Fishery Bulletin 125 . United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. p.555–564.
Snieszko, S.F., Dunbar, C.E. and Bullock, G.L. (1959) Resistance to ulcer disease and furunculosis in eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Progressive Fish Culturist 21, 111–116.
Sørum, H., Kvello, J.H. and Håstein, T. (1993b) Occurrence and stability of plasmids in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolated from salmonids with furunculosis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 16, 199–206.
Sørum, H., Holstad, G., Lunder, T. and Håstein, T. (2000) Grouping by plasmid profiles of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from fish, with special reference to salmonid fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 41, 159–171.
Sövényi, J.F., Yamamoto, H., Fujimoto, S. and Kusuda, R. (1990) Lymphomyeloid cells, susceptibility to erythrodermatitis of carp and bacterial antigens. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 14, 185–200.
Spence, K.D., Fryer, J.L. and Pilcher, K.S. (1965) Active and passive immunization of certain salmonid fishes against Aeromonas salmonicida. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 11, 397–405.
Stamm, J.M., Hanson, C.W., Chu, D.T.W., Bailer, R., Vojtko, C. and Fernandes, P.B. (1986) In vitro evaluation of A-56619 (Difloxacin) and A-56620: new aryl-fluoroquinolones. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 29, 193–200.
Stanley, C., Hiney, M., Gilroy, D., Powell, R., Padley, D. and Smith, P. (2002) Furunculosis-inducing ability of microcosms seeded with Aeromonas salmonicida correlates with colony-forming ability but not with PCR and ELISA data. Aquaculture 210, 35–48.
Stensvåg, K., Arnesen, S.M., Bøgwald, J. and Jørgensen, T.Ø. (1999) Localization of purified surface molecules (lipopolysaccharide and A-protein) from Aeromonas salmonicida in the kidney and spleen from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 22, 337–349.
Stevenson, L.H. (1978) A case for bacterial dormancy in aquatic systems. Microbial Ecology 4, 127–133.
Stoffregen, D.A., Chako, A.J., Backman, S. and Babish, J.G. (1993) Successful therapy of furunculosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., using the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent enrofloxacin. Journal of Fish Diseases 16, 219–228.
Stuber, K., Burr, S.E., Braun, M., Wahli, T. and Frey, J. (2003) Type III secretion genes in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida are located on a large thermolabile virulence plasmid. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 3854–3856.
Sussman, A.S. and Halvorson, H.O. (1966) Spores, their Dormancy and Germination. New York, Harper and Row, 356p.
Svendsen, Y.S., Dalmo, R.A. and Bøgwald, J. (1999) Tissue localization of Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following experimental challenge. Journal of Fish Diseases 22, 125–131.
Tajima, K., Takahashi, T., Ezura, Y. and Kimura, T. (1984) Enzymatic properties of the purified extracellular protease of Aeromonas salmonicida, Ar-4 (EFDL). Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 50, 145–150.
Tajima, K., Ezura, Y. and Kimura, T. (1987b) Pathogenicity of a non-protease secreting strain of Aeromonas salmonicida. Bulletin of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University 38, 139–150.
Tapia-Cammas, D., Yañez, A., Arancibia, G., Toranzo, A.E. and Avendaño-Herrera, R. (2011) Multiplex PCR for the detection of Piscirickettsia salmonis, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida and Streptococcus phocae in Chilean marine farms. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 97, 135–142.
Tatner, M.F. (1987) The quantitative relationship between vaccine dilution, length of immersion time and antigen uptake, using a radiolabelled Aeromonas salmonicida bath in direct immersion experiments with rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture 62, 173–185.
Tatner, M.F. (1989) The antibody response of intact and short term thymectomised rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Aeromonas salmonicida. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 13, 387.
Tatner, M.F., Johnson, C.M. and Horne, M.T. (1984) The tissue localization of Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following three methods of administration. Journal of Fish Biology 25, 95–108.
Taylor, P.W. and Winton, J.R. (2002) Optimization of nested polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14, 216–224.
Thornton, J.C., Garduño, R.A., Newman, S.G. and Kay, W.W. (1991) Surface-disorganized, attenuated mutants of Aeromonas salmonicida as furunculosis live vaccines. Microbial Pathogenesis 11, 85–99.
Thornton, J.C., Garduño, R.A., Carlos, S.J. and Kay, W.W. (1993) Novel antigens expressed by Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. Infection and Immunity 61, 4582–4589.
Thornton, J.C., Garduño, R.A. and Kay, W.W. (1994) The development of live vaccines for furunculosis lacking the A-layer and O-antigen of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 17, 195–204.
Thornton, J.M., Austin, D.A., Austin, B. and Powel, R. (1999) Small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. smithia and Haemophilus piscium reveal pronounced similarities with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 35, 155–158.
Titball, R.W. and Munn, C.B. (1981) Evidence for two haemolytic activities from Aeromonas salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 12, 27–30.
Titball, R.W. and Munn, C.B. (1983) Partial purification and properties of a haemolytic activity (T-lysin) from Aeromonas salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 20, 207–210.
Titball, R.W. and Munn, C.B. (1985a) The purification and some properties of H-lysin from Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of General Microbiology 131, 1603–1609.
Titball, R.W. and Munn, C.B. (1985b) Interactions of extracellular products from Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Fish and Shellfish Pathology. London, Academic press, p.61–68.
Todd, C. (1933) The presence of a bacteriophage for B. salmonicida in river waters. Nature (London) 131, 360.
Toranzo, A.E., Barja, J.L., Colwell, R.R. and Hetrick, F.M. (1983a) Characterization of plasmids in bacterial fish pathogens. Infection and Immunity 39, 184–192.
Toranzo, A.E., Barja, J.L., Potter, S.A., Colwell, R.R., Hetrick, F.M. and Crosa, J.H. (1983b) Molecular factors associated with virulence of marine vibrios isolated from striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. Infection and Immunity 39, 1220–1227.
Treasurer, J. and Cox, D. (1991) The occurrence of Aeromonas salmonicida in wrasse (Labridae) and implications for Atlantic salmon farming. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 11, 208–210.
Trust, T.J., Ishiguro, E.E. and Atkinson, H.M. (1980a) Relationship between Haemophilus piscium and Aeromonas salmonicida revealed by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteriophage. FEMS Microbiology Letters 9, 199–201.
Trust, T.J., Howard, P.S., Chamberlain, J.B., Ishiguro, E.E. and Buckley, J.T. (1980c) Additional surface protein in autoaggregating strains of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 9, 35–38.
Trust, T.J., Kay, W.W. and Ishiguro, E.E. (1983) Cell surface hydrophobicity and macrophage association of Aeromonas salmonicida. Current Microbiology 9, 315–318.
Tsoumas, A., Alderman, D.J. and Rodgers, C.J. (1989) Aeromonas salmonicida: development of resistance to 4-quinolone antimicrobials. Journal of Fish Diseases 12, 493–507.
Udey, L.R. (1977) Pathogenic, antigenic and immunogenic properties of Aeromonas salmonicida studied in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Ph.D. thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
Udey, L.R. (1982) A differential medium for distinguishing A/r+ from A/r- phenotypes in Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference and Workshop and 7th Eastern Fish Health Workshop. Baltimore, International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine, p.41.
Udey, L.R. and Fryer, J.L. (1978) Immunization of fish with bacterins of Aeromonas salmonicida. Marine Fisheries Review 40, 12–17.
Umelo, E. and Trust, T.J. (1997) Identification and molecular characterization of two tandomly located flagellin genes from Aeromonas salmonicida A449. Journal of Bacteriology 179, 5292–5299.
Umelo, E. and Trust, T.J. (1998) Physical map of the chromosome of Aeromonas salmonicida and genomic comparisons between Aeromonas strains. Microbiology 144, 2141–2149.
Van Alstine, J.M., Trust, T.J. and Brooks, D.E. (1986) Differential partition of virulent Aeromonas salmonicida and attenuated derivatives possessing specific cell surface alterations in polymer aqueous-phase systems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51, 1309–1313.
Vaughan, L.M., Smith, P.R. and Foster, T.J. (1993) An aromatic-dependent mutant of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida is attenuated in fish and is effective as a live vaccine against the salmonid disease furunculosis. Infection and Immunity 61, 2172–2181.
Vipond, R., Bricknell, I.R., Durant, E., Bowden, T.J., Ellis, A.E., Smith, M. and MacIntyre, S. (1998) Defined deletion mutants demonstrate that the major secreted toxins are not essential for the virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. Infection and Immunity 66, 1990–1998.
Vivas, J., Riaño, J., Carracedo, B., Razquin, B.E., López-Fierro, P., Naharro, G. and Villena, A.J. (2004a) The auxotrophic aroA mutant of Aeromonas hydrophila as a live attenuated vaccine against A. salmonicida infections in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 16, 193–206.
Wada, S., Ozeki, K., Kurata, O., Hatai, K., Ishida, A. and Ui, K. (2010) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in sailfin sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus. Fish Pathology 45, 92–95.
Ward, P.D., Waters, C.A. and Sweeney, K.J. (1985) Autoagglutination of virulent Aeromonas salmonicida strains lacking additional surface layer. In: Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Fish and Shellfish Pathology. London, Academic Press, p.107–117.
Weber, J.M. and Zwicker, B.M. (1979) Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): occurrence of specific agglutinins to three bacterial pathogens. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 36, 1102–1107.
Weeks-Perkins, B.A. and Ellis, A.E. (1995) Chemotactic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophages to virulent and attenuated strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 5, 313–323.
Wiklund, T. (1995) Survival of ‘atypical’ Aeromonas salmonicida in water and sediment microcosms of different salinities and temperatures. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 21, 137–143.
Wiklund, T., Sazonov, A., L'Iniova, G.P., Pugaewwa, V.P., Zoobaha, S.V. and Bylund, G. (1992) Characteristics of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolated from wild Pacific salmonids in Kamchatka, Russia. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 12, 76–79.
Wiklund, T. and Bylund, G. (1993) Skin ulcer disease of flounder Platichthys flesus in the northern Baltic Sea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 17, 165–174.
Wiklund, T., Lönnström, L. and Niiranen, H. (1993) Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida lacking pigment production, isolated from farmed salmonids in Finland. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 15, 219–223.
Wiklund, T., Dalsgaard, I., Eerola, E. and Olivier, G. (1994) Characteristics of ‘atypical’ cytochrome-oxidase negative Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from ulcerated flounder (Platichthys flesus (L.). Journal of Applied Bacteriology 76, 511–520.
Wiklund, T. and Dalsgaard, I. (1995) Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida associated with ulcerated flatfish species in the Baltic sea and the North Sea. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 7, 218–224.
Wiklund, T. and Dalsgaard, I. (1998) Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish hosts. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 32, 49–69.
Williams, P.J., Courtenay, S.C. and Vardy, C. (1997) Use of enrofloxacin to control atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic tom cod. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 9, 216–222.
Williamson, I.J.F. (1928) Furunculosis of the salmonidae. Fisheries Board of Scotland, Salmon Fisheries 5, 1–17.
Williamson, I.J.F. (1929) A study of bacterial infection in fish and certain lower invertebrates. Fisheries Board of Scotland, Salmon Fisheries 11, 3.
Wolf, L.E. (1954) Development of disease resistant strains of fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 83, 342–349.
Wolke, R.E. (1975) Pathology of bacterial and fungal diseases affecting fish. In: Ribelin, W.E. and Migaki, G. (eds), The Pathology of Fishes. Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, p.76–78.
Wong, K.R., Green, M.J. and Buckley, J.T. (1989) Extracellular secretion of cloned aerolysin and phospholipase by Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 2523–2527.
Wood, S.C., McCashion, R.N. and Lynch, W.H. (1986) Multiple low-level antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas salmonicida. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 29, 992–996.
Wooster, G.A and Bowser, P.R. (1996) The aerobiological pathway of a fish pathogen: survival and dissemination of Aeromonas salmonicida in aerosols and its implications in fish health management. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27, 7–14.
Xu, H.-S., Roberts, N., Singleton, F.L., Attwell, R.W., Grimes, D.J. and Colwell, R.R. (1982) Survival and viability of non-culturable Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in the estuarine and marine environment. Microbial Ecology 8, 313–323.
Yamada, Y,, Kaku, Y. and Wakabayashi, H. (2000) Phylogenetic intrarelationships of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Japan as determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. Fish Pathology 35, 35–40.
Zimmermann, O.E.R. (1890) Die Bakterien unserer Trink- und Nutzwässer insbesondere der Wassers der Chemnitzer Wasseleitung. 1. Reihe. Elfter Bericht der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Chemnitz 1, 38–39.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Austin, B., Austin, D.A. (2012). Aeromonadaceae Representative (Aeromonas salmonicida) . In: Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4884-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4884-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4883-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4884-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)