Abstract
This paper attempts to answer the question posed in its title, by focusing attention on the institution and contested field of discourse of natural philosophy, and its processes of change in the early and mid Seventeenth century. Following the seminal work of José Antonio Maravall, Baroque culture is taken as a set of concerted responses to a wide religio-political crisis. The paper then argues that this period saw a veritable ‘crisis within a crisis’ occurring in natural philosophy and its cognate and subordinate disciplines, with recruitment of ‘Baroque’ aims, styles and rules of contestation into natural philosophy by competing players. It is also suggested that some of these Baroque ‘cultural genes’ survived in the subsequent history of natural philosophy, and thence, following its disintegration, into the social dynamics of the emergent modern sciences, shaping their agonistic natures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anstey, Peter. 2000. Descartes’ cardiology and its reception in English physiology, In Descartes’ natural philosophy, ed. Stephen Gaukroger, John Andrew Schuster, and John Sutton, 420–444. New York: Routledge.
Anstey, Peter. 2005. Experimental versus speculative natural philosophy. In The science of nature in the seventeenth century, ed. Peter R. Anstey and John A. Schuster, 215–242. Dordrecht: Springer.
Aston, Trevor. 1967. Crisis in Europe 1560–1660. Garden City: Doubleday.
Bachelard, Gaston. 1949. Le rationalisme appliqué. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Barnes, Barry. 1982. T.S. Kuhn and social science. London: Macmillan.
Biro, Jacqueline. 2009. On earth as in heaven: Cosmography and the shape of the earth from Copernicus to Descartes. Saarbrucken: VDM Verlag.
Boschiero, Luciano. 2007. Experiment and natural philosophy in seventeenth-century Tuscany, Studies in history and philosophy of science 21. Dordrecht: Springer.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1971a. Intellectual field and creative project. In Knowledge and control: New directions for the sociology of education, ed. M.F.D. Young, 161–188. London: Collier-MacMillan.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1971b. Systems of education and systems of thought. In Knowledge and control: New directions for the sociology of education, ed. M.F.D. Young, 189–207. London: Collier-MacMillan.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1975. The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason. Social Science Information 14: 19–47.
Brannigan, Augustine. 1980. Naturalistic and sociological models of the problem of scientific discovery. The British Journal of Sociology 31: 559–573.
Brannigan, Augustine. 1981. The social basis of scientific discoveries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brockliss, Laurence. 1981. Aristotle, Descartes and the new science: Natural philosophy at the University of Paris, 1600–1740. Annals of Science 38: 33–69.
Brundell, Barry. 1987. Pierre Gassendi. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Clark, William. 1992. The scientific revolution in the German nations. In The scientific revolution in national context, ed. Roy Porter and Mikulas Teich, 90–114. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cohen, H.Floris. 1994. The scientific revolution: A historiographical inquiry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cohen, H.Floris. 2010. How modern science came into the world: Four civilizations, one 17th century breakthrough. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Collins, Harry. 1985. Changing order. London: Sage.
Cunningham, Andrew. 1988. Getting the game right: Some plain words on the identity and invention of science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 19: 365–389.
Cunningham, Andrew. 1991. How the Principia got its name; or, taking natural philosophy seriously. History of Science 24: 377–392.
Cunningham, A., and P. Williams. 1993. De-centring the “big picture”: The origins of modern science and the modern origins of science. British Journal for the History of Science 26: 407–432.
Dear, Peter. 1991. The church and the new philosophy. In Science, culture and popular belief in Renaissance Europe, ed. S. Pumfrey, P.L. Rossi, and M. Slawinski, 119–139. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Dear, Peter. 1995. Discipline and experience: The mathematical way in the scientific revolution. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Dear, Peter. 2001a. Religion, science and natural philosophy: Thoughts on Cunningham’s thesis. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 32: 377–386.
Dear, Peter. 2001b. Revolutionizing the sciences: European knowledge and its ambitions 1500–1700. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Des Chene, Dennis. 1996. Physiologia. Natural philosophy in late Aristotelian and Cartesian thought. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Dun, Liu, and Wang Yangzong (eds.). 2002. Chinese science and the scientific revolution: Selected writings on the Needham problem and related issues. Shenyang: Liaoning Education Publishing House.
Easlea, Brain. 1980. Witch-hunting, magic and the new philosophy: An introduction to the debates of the scientific revolution 1450–1750. Sussex: Harvester Press.
Eisenstein, Elizabeth. 1979. The printing press as an agent of change: Communications and cultural transformations in early-modern Europe, vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Feyerabend, P.K. 1975. Against method. London: New Left Books.
Foucault, Michel. 1969 [1972]. The archaeology of knowledge (trans: Sheridan, Alan). London: Tavistock.
Frank, Robert G. 1980. Harvey and the English physiologists: Scientific ideas and social interaction. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Friedrich, Carl J. 1962. The Age of the Baroque: 1610–1660. New York: Harper & Row.
Gal, Ofer, and Raz Chen-Morris. 2010. Baroque optics and the disappearance of the observer: From Kepler’s optics to Descartes’ doubt. Journal of the History of Ideas 71: 191–217.
Gascoigne, John. 1990. A reappraisal of the role of the universities in the scientific revolution. In Reappraisals of the scientific revolution, ed. David Lindberg and Robert Westman, 207–260. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gaukroger, Stephen. 1995. Descartes: An intellectual biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gaukroger, Stephen. 2006. The emergence of a scientific culture. Oxford: Clarendon.
Gaukroger, Stephen W., and John A. Schuster. 2002. The hydrostatic paradox and the origins of Cartesian dynamics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 33: 535–572.
Gieryn, Thomas. 1983. Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science: Strains and interests in professional ideologies of Scientists. American Sociological Review 48: 781–795.
Harrison, Peter. 2000. The influence of Cartesian cosmology in England. In Descartes’ natural philosophy, ed. S.W. Gaukroger, J.A. Schuster, and J. Sutton, 168–192. London: Routledge.
Harrison, Peter. 2002. Voluntarism and early modern science. History of Science 40: 63–89.
Harrison, Peter. 2005. Physico-theology and the mixed sciences: The role of theology in early modern natural philosophy. In The science of nature: Patterns of change in the culture of natural philosophy in the seventeenth century, ed. P. Anstey and J. Schuster, 165–183. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hattab, Helen. 2005. From mechanics to mechanism: The Quaestiones Mechanicae and Descartes’ physics. In The science of nature in the seventeenth century: Changing patterns of early modern natural philosophy, ed. Peter Anstey and John Schuster, 99–129. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hazard, Paul. 1935. (Eng. Trans 1952, 1963) The European mind 1680–1715 (La Crise de la conscience Européenne). New York: World Publishing Co.
Henry, John. 2002. The scientific revolution and the origins of modern science, 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.
Knorr-Cetina, Karin. 1981. The manufacture of knowledge: An essay on the constructivist and conventional character of knowledge and cognition. Oxford: Pergamon.
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Laird, W.R. 1986. The scope of Renaissance mechanics. Osiris 2: 43–68.
Latour, Bruno, and Steve Woolgar. 1979. Laboratory life, The social construction of scientific facts. London: Sage.
Lenoble, Robert. 1943. Mersenne ou la naissance du mécanisme. Paris: J. Vrin.
Lindberg, David. 1976. Theories of vision: From Al-Kindi to Kepler. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lindberg, David. 1992. The beginnings of western science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Maclean, Ian. 2007. Logic, signs and nature in the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Maravall, José Antonio. 1973. The culture of the Baroque: Analysis of a historical structure (Eng Trans, 1986). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Mulkay, Michael. 1979. Science and the sociology of knowledge. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Pirenne, Henri. 1936. (Eng trans 1939) A history of Europe from the invasions to the XVI century. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Popkin, Richard. 1964. The history of scepticism from Erasmus to Descartes. New York: Harper & Row.
Rabb, Theodore K. 1975. The struggle for stability in early modern Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rabb, Theordore K. 2006. The last days of the Renaissance & the march to modernity. New York: Basic Books.
Rattansi, P.M. 1963. Paracelsus and the Puritan revolution. Ambix 11: 24–34.
Rattansi, P.M. 1964. The Helmontian-Galenist controversy in seventeenth century England. Ambix 12: 1–23.
Ravetz, J.R. 1971. Scientific knowledge and its social problems. Oxford: Clarendon.
Ravetz, J.R. 1974. Science, history of, In Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th Edition, Macropedia, vol 16, pp. 366–72. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc.
Reif, Patricia. 1969. The textbook tradition in natural philosophy, 1600–1650. Journal of the History of Ideas 30: 17–32.
Richards, Evelleen, and John A. Schuster. 1989. The myth of feminine method: A challenge for gender studies and the social studies of science. Social Studies of Science 19: 697–720.
Rose, Paul Lawrence, and Stillman Drake. 1971. The Pseudo-Aristotelian Questions of Mechanics in Renaissance culture. Studies in the Renaissance 18: 65–104.
Rossi, Paolo. 1970. Philosophy, technology and the arts in the early modern era. New York: Harper and Row.
Sahlins, Marshall. 1993. Goodbye to Tristes Tropes: Ethnography in the context of modern world history. The Journal of Modern History 65: 1–25.
Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1963. Search for a method. New York: Alfred Knopf, Inc.
Schaffer, Simon. 1986. Scientific discoveries and the end of natural philosophy. Social Studies of Science 16: 387–420.
Schmitt, Charles. 1973. Towards a reassessment of Renaissance Aristotelianism. History of Science 11: 159–193.
Schuster, John A. 1979. Kuhn and Lakatos revisited. British Journal for the History of Science 12: 301–317.
Schuster, John A. 1984. Methodologies as mythic structures: A preface to the future historiography of method. Metascience 1–2: 15–36.
Schuster, John A. 1986. Cartesian method as mythic speech: A diachronic and structural analysis. In The politics and rhetoric of scientific method: Historical studies, ed. John A. Schuster and Richard R. Yeo, 33–95. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Schuster, John A. 1990. The scientific revolution. In The companion to the history of modern science, ed. R. Olby et al., 217–242. London: Croom Helm.
Schuster, John A. 1993. Whatever should we do with Cartesian method: Reclaiming Descartes for the history of science. In Essays on the philosophy and science of René Descartes, ed. S. Voss, 195–223. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schuster, John A. 1995a. Descartes Agonistes new tales of Cartesian mechanism. Perspectives on Science 3: 99–145.
Schuster, John A. 1995b. An introduction to the history and social studies of science. (Open Learning Australia, 1995). On open access at http://descartes-agonistes.com.
Schuster, John A. 1995c. The scientific revolution: An introduction to the history and philosophy of science (Open Learning Australia,1995). On open access at http://descartes-agonistes.com.
Schuster, John A. 2000a. Descartes ‘Opticien’: The construction of the law of refraction and the manufacture of its physical rationales, 1618–29. In Descartes’ natural philosophy, ed. Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, and John Sutton, 258–312. London: Routledge.
Schuster, John A. 2000b. Internalist and externalist historiographies of the scientific revolution. In Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution, ed. W. Applebaum. New York: Garland Publishing.
Schuster, John A. 2002. ‘L’Aristotelismo e le sue Alternative.’, In La Rivoluzione Scientifica, ed. D. Garber, 337–357. Rome: Instituto della Enciclopedia Italiana. English translation available at http://descartes-agonistes.com.
Schuster, John A. 2005. Waterworld: Descartes vortical celestial mechanics and cosmological optics—A gambit in the natural philosophical Agon of the early seventeenth century. In The science of nature in the seventeenth century: Patterns of change in early modern natural philosophy, ed. P. Anstey and J.A. Schuster, 35–79. Dordrecht: Springer.
Schuster, John A., and Alan B.H. Taylor. 1996. Seized by the spirit of modern science. Metascience 9: 9–26.
Schuster, John A., and Alan B.H. Taylor. 1997. Blind trust: The gentlemanly origins of experimental science. Social Studies of Science 27: 503–536.
Schuster, John A., and Graeme Watchirs. 1990. Natural philosophy, experiment and discourse in the eighteenth century: Beyond the Kuhn/Bachelard problematic. In Experimental inquiries: Historical, philosophical and social studies of experiment, ed. H.E. LeGrand, 1–48. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Schuster, John A., and Richard R. Yeo (eds.). 1986a. The politics and rhetoric of scientific method: Historical studies. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Schuster, John A., and Richard R. Yeo. 1986b. “Introduction” to Schuster and Yeo 1986, pp. ix–xxxvii.
Shapin, Steven. 1992. Discipline and bounding: The history and sociology of science as seen through the externalism-internalism debate. History of Science 30: 333–369.
Toulmin, Stephen. 1990. Cosmopolis. The hidden agenda of modernity. New York: The Free Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schuster, J.A. (2012). What Was the Relation of Baroque Culture to the Trajectory of Early Modern Natural Philosophy?. In: Gal, O., Chen-Morris, R. (eds) Science in the Age of Baroque. International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, vol 208. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4807-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4807-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4806-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4807-1
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPhilosophy and Religion (R0)