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Oncogenic microRNAs in Cancer

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Abstract

MicroRNAs are a class of naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression as negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level. Since the discovery of microRNAs, the number of microRNAs has kept growing over the past years. To date over 1,000 human microRNA precursors have been identified and registered (www.miRBase.org). MicroRNAs exert their gene silencing function, usually by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target genes through partial sequence homology, and thus, multiple protein-coding genes can be targeted by a given microRNA. Accordingly, microRNAs play a fundamental role in normal cell growth and disease processes. Particularly in cancer, microRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this chapter, we will discuss our current understanding of a group of oncogenic microRNAs, focusing on miR-21 and the miR-17~92 cluster and their role in gene silencing, tumor growth and metastasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, IL, 62794, Springfield, USA

    Qian Liu & Nanjiang Zhou

  2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 825 N. RutledgeIL, PO Box 19626, 62794, Springfield, USA

    Yin-Yuan Mo

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  1. Qian Liu
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  2. Nanjiang Zhou
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Correspondence to Yin-Yuan Mo .

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  1. and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, Perdido Street 1901, New Orleans, 70112, Louisiana, USA

    Suresh Alahari

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Liu, Q., Zhou, N., Mo, YY. (2013). Oncogenic microRNAs in Cancer. In: Alahari, S. (eds) MicroRNA in Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4655-8_5

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