Skip to main content

Situating the Adoption of VGI by Government

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge

Abstract

Governments have long been active online, providing services and information to citizens. With the development of Web 2.0 technology, many governments are considering how they can better engage with and accept citizen input online, particularly through the gathering and use of volunteered geographic information (VGI). Though there are several benefits to governments accepting VGI, the process of adopting VGI as a support to decision-making is not without challenge. We identify three areas of challenge to the adoption of VGI by government; these are the costs of VGI, the challenges for governments to accept non-expert data of questionable accuracy and formality, and the jurisdictional issues in VGI. We then identify three ways that governments can situate themselves to accept VGI—by formalizing the VGI collection process, through encouraging collaboration between levels of government, and by investigating the participatory potential of VGI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al-Kodmany, K. (2000). Using Web-Based technologies and geographic information systems in community planning. Journal of Urban Technology, 7(1), 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amin, A., Cameron, A., & Hudson, R. (2002). Placing the social economy. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, G. A. (2006). Designing and implementing E-Government systems: Critical implications for public administration and democracy. Administration & Society, 38(4), 472–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budhathoki, N., Bruce, B., & Nedovic-Budic, Z. (2008). Reconceptualizing the role of the user of spatial data infrastructure. GeoJournal, 72(3), 149–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budhathoki, N., Nedovic-Budic, Z., & Bruce, B. (2010). An interdisciplinary frame for understanding volunteered geographic information. Geomatica, 64(1), 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budic, Z. D. (1994). Effectiveness of geographic information systems in local planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 60(2), 244–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpi, T. (1997). The prospects for the social economy in a changing world. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 68(2), 247–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, S., Evans, A., Kingston, R., & Turton, I. (2001). Public participation, GIS, and cyberdemocracy: Evaluating on-line spatial decision support systems. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 28(6), 907–921.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick, A. (2009). Web 2.0: New challenges for the study of E-democracy in era of informational exuberance. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, 5(1), 9–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, K. R. (1998). Spaces of dependence, spaces of engagement and the politics of scale, or: Looking for local politics. Political Geography, 17(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crampton, J. (2009). Cartography: Maps 2.0. Progress in Human Geography, 33(1), 91–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Longueville, B., Annoni, A., Schade, S., Ostlaender, N., & Whitmore, C. (2010). Digital earth’s nervous system for crisis events: Real-time sensor web enablement of volunteered geographic information. International Journal of Digital Earth, 3(3), 242–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovey, T., & Eggers, W. (2008). National issues dialogues Web 2.0: The future of collaborative government. Washington, DC: Deloitte Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drummond, W., & French, S. (2008). The future of GIS in planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 74(2), 161–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood, S. (2008). Volunteered geographic information: Future research directions motivated by critical, participatory, and feminist GIS. GeoJournal, 72(3), 173–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood, S. (2009). Geographic Information Science: New geovisualization technologies-emerging questions and linkages with GIScience research. Progress in Human Geography, 53, 256–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elwood, S., & Ghose, R. (2004). PPGIS in community development planning: Framing the organizational context. Cartographica, 38(3/4), 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elwood, S., & Leszczynski, A. (2011). Privacy, reconsidered: New representations, data practices, and the geoweb. Geoforum, 42(1), 6–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagin, A., & Metzger, M. (2008). The credibility of volunteered geographic information. GeoJournal, 72(3), 137–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganapati, S. (2010). Using geographic information systems to increase citizen engagement (pp. 1–46). Washington, DC: IBM Center for The Business of Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganapati, S. (2011). Uses of public participation geographic information systems applications in E-government. Public Administration Review, 71(3), 425–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geertman, S. (2006). Potentials for planning support: A planning-conceptual approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 33, 863–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girres, J. F., & Touya, G. (2010). Quality assessment of the French OpenStreetMap dataset. Transactions in GIS, 14(4), 435–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goelman, A. (2005). Technology in context: Mediating factors in the utilization of planning technologies. Environment and Planning A, 37, 895–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodchild, M. (2007). Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geography. GeoJournal, 69, 211–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodchild, M., & Glennon, J. (2010). Crowdsourcing geographic information for disaster response: A research frontier. International Journal of Digital Earth, 3(3), 231–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haklay, M. (2010). How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey datasets. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(4), 682–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haklay, M., Singleton, A., & Parker, C. (2008). Web mapping 2.0: The Neogeography of the Geoweb. Geography Compass, 2(6), 2011–2039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G., Chipeniuk, R., Feick, R., Leahy, M., & Deparday, V. (2010). Community-based production of geographic information using open source software and Web 2.0. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24(5), 761–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, F. (2003). Developing geographic information infrastructures for local government: The role of trust. Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 47(1), 28–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, F. (2007). Just another private–public partnership? Possible constraints on scientific information in virtual map browsers. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 34, 761–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson-Smith, A., Crooks, A., Gibin, M., Milton, R., & Batty, M. (2009). NeoGeography and Web 2.0: Concepts, tools and applications. Journal of Location Based Services, 3(2), 118–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. A., & Sieber, R. E. (2011a). Motivations driving government adoption of the Geoweb. GeoJournal, 1–14. doi:10.1007/s10708-011-9416-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. A., & Sieber, R. E. (2011b). Negotiating constraints to the adoption of agent-based modeling in tourism planning. Environment and Planning B – Planning and Design, 38(2), 307–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, P. A., Sieber, R. E., Magnien, N., & Ariwi, J. (2012). Automated web harvesting to collect and analyse user-generated content for tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(3), 293–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. (2007). A beast in the field: The Google maps mashup as GIS/2. Cartographica, 2(3), 187–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedovic-Budic, Z. (1998). The impact of GIS technology. Environment and Planning B – Planning and Design, 25(5), 681–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, G., Zimmerman, D., Crall, A., Laituri, M., Graham, J., & Stapel, L. (2010). User-friendly web mapping: Lessons from a citizen science website. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24(12), 1851–1869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onsrud, H., & Pinto, J. (1991). Diffusion of geographic information innovations. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 5(4), 447–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, J., Lukyanenko, R., & Weirsma, Y. (2011). Easier citizen science is better. Nature, 471(7336), 37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickles, J. (Ed.). (1995). Ground truth: The social implications of geographic information systems. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, J. L., Bergeron, S. J., & Harris, T. M. (2007). Participating in the Geospatial Web: Collaborative mapping, social networks and participatory GIS. In A. Scharl & K. Tochterman (Eds.), The geospatial web: How geobrowsers, social software and the Web 2.0 are shaping the network society (pp. 153–158). London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saebo, O., Rose, J., & Flak, L. S. (2008). The shape of eParticipation: Characterizing an emerging research area. Government Information Quarterly, 25, 400–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuurman, N. (2000). Trouble in the heartland: GIS and its critics in the 1990s. Progress in Human Geography, 24(4), 569–590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeger, C. (2008). The role of facilitated volunteered geographic information in the landscape planning and site design process. GeoJournal, 72, 199–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieber, R. (2004). Rewiring for a GIS/2. Cartographica, 39(1), 25–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieber, R. (2006). Public participation geographic information systems: A literature review and framework. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(3), 491–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, N. (1993). Homeless/global: Scaling places. In J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, G. Robertson, & L. Tickner (Eds.), Mapping the futures (pp. 87–119). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Globalisation or ‘glocalisation’? Networks, territories and rescaling. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 17(1), 25–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • te Brömmelstroet, M., & Bertolini, L. (2008). Developing land use and transport PSS: Meaningful information through a dialogue between modelers and planners. Transport Policy, 15, 251–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • te Brömmelstroet, M., & Schrijnen, P. (2010). From planning support systems to mediated planning support: A structured dialogue to overcome the implementation gap. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(1), 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tulloch, D. (2008). Is VGI participation? From vernal pools to video games. GeoJournal, 72(3), 161–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, A. (2006). Introduction to neogeography. Sebastopol: O’Reilly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vonk, G., Geertman, S., & Schot, P. (2005). Bottlenecks blocking widespread usage of planning support systems. Environment and Planning A, 37, 909–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vonk, G., Geertman, S., & Schot, P. (2007). A SWOT analysis of planning support systems. Environment and Planning A, 39, 1699–1714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittig, M. A., & Schmitz, J. (1996). Electronic grassroots organizing. Journal of Social Issues, 52(1), 53–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zook, M., & Graham, M. (2007). The creative reconstruction of the Internet: Google and the privatization of cyberspace and DigiPlace. Geoforum, 38(6), 1322–1343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zook, M., Graham, M., Shelton, T., & Gorman, S. (2010). Volunteered geographic information and crowdsourcing disaster relief: A case study of the Haitian earthquake. World Medical and Health Policy, 2(2), 7–33.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has been funded by the Quebec Ministère des services gouvernementaux program “Appui au passage à la société de l’information” and the Canadian GEOIDE Network of Centres of Excellence in Geomatics.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter A. Johnson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Johnson, P.A., Sieber, R.E. (2013). Situating the Adoption of VGI by Government. In: Sui, D., Elwood, S., Goodchild, M. (eds) Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics