Abstract
In South Asia, just as in all other postcolonial contexts with emergent institutionalised second-language varieties of English, speakers’ orientations towards standards and their attitudes to norms represent a controversial issue. In the present chapter, I will discuss the complexity of such ambinormative orientationsin present-day Sri Lanka, where the issue of standards and norms is currently a hotly debated topic for various reasons, especially because of the general lack of codification and on account of the publication of the first dictionary of Sri Lankan English, as well as the recently launched Government Initiative English as a Life Skillwith its focus on Indian models for English language teaching in Sri Lanka. Against this background, I will also argue in the present chapter that the compilation and analysis of large-scale corpora of South Asian varieties of English can provide a useful reference point and input for the on-going debate on standards and norms in Sri Lanka.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Prof. Ruqaiya Raheem (personal communication).
References
Bernaisch, T. 2012. Attitudes towards Englishes in Sri Lanka. World Englishes 31: 279–291.
Boange, D. 2010. The bowl-or-ball dilemma of rubbishing English standards, The Sunday Observer, 6 June 2010. http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2010/06/06mon08.asp. Accessed 1 Dec 2010.
Bolton, K. 2008. English in Asia, Asian Englishes, and the issue of proficiency. English Today24: 3–12.
Fernando, S. 2003. The vocabulary of Sri Lankan English: Words and phrases that transform a foreign language into their own. Paper presented at the 9th international conference on Sri Lankan Studies, Matara, 28–30 Nov 2003.
Fernando, S. 2010. Promoting English as a life skill: Interview with Sunimal Fernando. Daily News, 19 July 2010. http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/07/19fea01.asp. Accessed 1 Dec 2010.
Fonseka, E.A.G. 2003. Sri Lankan English: Exploding the fallacy. Paper presented at the 9th international conference on Sri Lankan Studies, Matara, 28–30 Nov 2003.
Goonetilleke, D.C.R.A. 2003. The interface of language, literature and politics in Sri Lanka: A paradigm for ex-colonies of Britain. In The politics of English as a world language: New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies, ed. C. Mair, 337–358. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Greenbaum, S. 1996. Comparing English worldwide: The international corpus of English. Oxford: Clarendon.
Gunesekera, M. 2006. Why teach Sri Lankan English in a multilingual environment? In English in the multilingual environment, ed. H. Ratwatte and S. Herath, 29–45. Colombo: SLELTA.
Herat, M. 2005. BE variation in Sri Lankan English. Language Variation and Change17: 181–208.
Hoffmann, S. 2007. From web-page to mega-corpus: The CNN transcripts. In Corpus linguistics and the web, ed. M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf, and C. Biewer, 69–85. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Hoffmann, S., M. Hundt, and J. Mukherjee. 2011. Indian English – an emergent epicentre? A pilot study on light verbs in web-derived corpora of South Asian Englishes. Anglia129(2): 258–280.
Kachru, B. 1992. Models for non-native Englishes. In The other tongue: English across cultures, ed. B. Kachru, 48–74. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Künstler, V., D. Mendis, and J. Mukherjee. 2009. English in Sri Lanka: Language functions and speaker attitudes. Anglistik – International Journal of English Studies20(2): 57–74.
Leitner, G. 1992. English as a pluricentric language. In Pluricentric languages: Differing norms in different nations, ed. M. Clyne, 179–237. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Leitner, G. 2004. Australia’s many voices: Australian English – the national language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mendis, D., and H. Rambukwella. 2010. Sri Lankan Englishes. In The Routledge handbook of world Englishes, ed. A. Kirkpatrick, 181–196. London: Routledge.
Mesthrie, R., and R.M. Bhatt. 2008. World Englishes: The study of new linguistic varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meyler, M. 2007. A dictionary of Sri Lankan English. Colombo: Meyler.
Mukherjee, J. 2002. Norms for the Indian English classroom: A corpus-linguistic perspective. Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics28(2): 63–82.
Mukherjee, J. 2007. Steady states in the evolution of new Englishes: Present-day Indian English as an equilibrium. Journal of English Linguistics35: 157–187.
Mukherjee, J. 2008. Sri Lankan English: Evolutionary status and epicentral influence from Indian English. In Anglistentag 2007 Münster: Proceedings, ed. K. Stierstorfer, 359–368. Trier: WVT.
Mukherjee, J., M. Schilk, and T. Bernaisch. 2010. Compiling the Sri Lankan component of ICE: Principles, problems, prospects. ICAME Journal34: 64–77.
Nihalani, P., R.K. Tongue, and P. Hosali. 2004. Indian and British English: A handbook of usage and pronunciation, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peters, P. 2009. Australian English as a regional epicenter. In World Englishes: Problems, properties and prospects, ed. T. Hoffmann and L. Siebers, 107–124. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Quirk, R. 1990. Language varieties and standard language. English Today6: 3–10.
Raheem, R. 2007. Foreword. In A dictionary of Sri Lankan English, ed. M. Meyler, vii–viii. Colombo: Meyler.
Schilk, M. 2006. Collocations in Indian English: A corpus-based sample analysis. Anglia124(2): 276–316.
Schilk, M., T. Bernaisch, and J. Mukherjee. 2012. Mapping unity and diversity in South Asian English lexicogrammar: Verb-complementational preferences across varieties. In Mapping unity and diversityworldwide: Corpus-based studies of New Englishes ed. M. Hundt and U. Gut, 137–165. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Schneider, E.W. 2003. The dynamics of new Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language79(2): 233–281.
Schneider, E.W. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Seneviratne, M. 2010a. Sri Lankan English: Another snooty English speakers’ [sic] project? The Sunday Observer, 23 May, 2010. http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2010/05/23/mon05.asp. Accessed 1 Dec 2010.
Seneviratne, M. 2010b. A public apology to Michael Meyler. Groundviews, 11 July, 2010. http://www.groundviews.org/2010/07/11/mon05.asp/a-public-apology-to-michaelmeyler/. Accessed 1 Dec 2010.
Wijesinha, R. 2003. Bringing back the bathwater: New initiatives in English policy in Sri Lanka. In The politics of English as a world language: New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies, ed. C. Mair, 367–374. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mukherjee, J. (2012). English in South Asia – Ambinormative Orientations and the Role of Corpora: The State of the Debate in Sri Lanka. In: Kirkpatrick, A., Sussex, R. (eds) English as an International Language in Asia: Implications for Language Education. Multilingual Education, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4578-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4578-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4577-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4578-0
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)