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Solar Activity, the Heliosphere, Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on the Earth’s Atmosphere

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Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES)

Part of the book series: Springer Atmospheric Sciences ((SPRINGERATMO))

Abstract

During recent years it became evident that the climate of the Earth is not only determined by terrestrial, in particular anthropogenic influences, but also by external parameters. An open question is still whether the solar radiation or the cosmic rays are the main agents regarding the external climate driving. An answer to this question requires quantitative modelling of all related processes. The present chapter concentrates on the modelling of the cosmic ray transport from the interstellar medium into the Earth’s atmosphere and, thus, on interstellar-terrestrial relations. After a discussion of the significance of the local interstellar spectrum of cosmic rays, first their transport in a dynamical heliosphere is considered. Second, the cosmic ray propagation within the terrestrial magnetosphere is studied in order to determine the so-called cut-off rigidities. And, third, the cosmic ray interaction with the Earth’s atmosphere is described, with an emphasis on the ionisation and the production of cosmogenic nuclides. On the basis of the suite of models being discussed in this overview further studies will be possible that should help to quantify the overall effect of cosmic rays on the Earth environment and, particularly, climate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors like to thank Friedhelm Steinhilber, Daniel Matthiä, Marius Potgieter, Stefan Ferreira and Hans Fahr for valuable discussions. We are grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the project “Heliocauses” (FI 706/6-1/2/3 and HE 3279/8-2/3/4) and the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Bildung (BMBF) for supporting the German-South African collaboration (projects SUA 07/013 and 08/011) and the Ulysses/KET project (grant 50 OC 0902) through the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). This work profited from the discussions with the participants of the ISSI team meeting “Transport of Energetic Particles in the Inner Heliosphere”.

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  1. Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Horst Fichtner & Klaus Scherer

  2. Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Bernd Heber, Klaudia Herbst & Andreas Kopp

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Correspondence to Horst Fichtner .

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    Franz-Josef Lübken

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Fichtner, H., Heber, B., Herbst, K., Kopp, A., Scherer, K. (2013). Solar Activity, the Heliosphere, Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on the Earth’s Atmosphere. In: Lübken, FJ. (eds) Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES). Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4348-9_4

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