Abstract
Large effects of solar variability related to the 11-year sunspot cycle (SSC) are seen in the stratosphere throughout the year, but they are clearly larger if the data are grouped according to the phase of the QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation). New results based on an extended, 70 year long data set, fully confirm earlier findings. By means of teleconnections, the dynamical interaction between the Arctic and the Tropics in the stratosphere and in the troposphere is investigated for the whole data set and compared with the anomalies of single events.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baldwin, M. P., Gray, L. J., Dunkerton, T. J., Hamilton, K., Haynes, P. H., Randel, W. J., Holton, J. R., Alexander, M. J., Hirota, I., Horinouchi, T., Jones, D. B. A., Kinnersley, J. S., Marquardt, C., Sato, K., & Takahashi, M. (2001). The quasi-biennial oscillation. Reviews of Geophysics, 39(2), 179–229.
Brönnimann, S., Ewen, T., Griesser, T., & Jenne, R. (2006). Multidecadal signal of solar variability in the upper troposphere during the 20th century. Space Science Reviews, 125, 305–317. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9065-2.
Fischer, P., & Tung, K. K. (2008). A reexamination of the QBO period modulation by the solar cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113. doi:10.1029/2007JD008983.
Hamilton, K. (2002). On the quasi-decadal modulation of the stratospheric QBO period. Journal of Climate, 15, 2562–2565.
Holton, J. R., & Tan, H. (1980). The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 37, 2200–2208.
Hood, L. L. (2003). Thermal response of the tropical tropopause region to solar ultraviolet variations. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(23), 2215. doi:10.1029/2003GL018364.
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collin, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, B., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., & Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437–471.
Labitzke, K. (1987). Sunspots, the QBO, and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region. Geophysical Research Letters, 14, 535–537.
Labitzke, K. (2003). The global signal of the 11-year solar cycle in the atmosphere: when do we need the QBO? Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 12, 209–216.
Labitzke, K. (2005). On the solar cycle—QBO relationship: a summary. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 67, 45–54.
Labitzke, K., & Collaborators (2002). The Berlin stratospheric data series. CD from Meteorological Institute, Free University Berlin.
Labitzke, K., & Kunze, M. (2005). Stratospheric temperatures over the arctic: comparison of three data sets. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 14, 65–74. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0014-0065.
Labitzke, K., & Kunze, M. (2009). On the remarkable arctic winter in 2008/09. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D00I02. doi:10.1029/2009JD012273.
Labitzke, K., & van Loon, H. (1988). Associations between the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO and the atmosphere. Part I: the troposphere and stratosphere in the northern hemisphere winter. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 50, 197–206.
Labitzke, K., & van Loon, H. (1994). Connection between the troposphere and stratosphere on a decadal scale. Tellus, 46A, 275–286.
Labitzke, K., & van Loon, H. (1999). The stratosphere. Berlin: Springer.
Labitzke, K., Kunze, M., & Brönnimann, S. (2006). Sunspots, the QBO, and the stratosphere in the north polar region—20 years later. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15, 355–363. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0136.
Naujokat, B. (1986). An update of the observed quasi-biennial oscillation of the stratospheric winds over the tropics. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 1873–1877.
Perlwitz, J., & Graf, H.-F. (1995). The statistical connection between tropospheric and stratospheric circulation of the northern hemisphere in winter. Journal of Climate, 8(10), 2281–2295.
Randel, W., Smith, K., Austin, J., Barnett, J., Claud, C., Gillett, N., Keckhut, P., Langematz, U., Lin, R., Long, C., Mearsm, C., Miller, A., Nash, J., Seidel, D., Thompson, D., Wu, F., & Yoden, S. (2009). An update of stratospheric temperature trends. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D02107. doi:10.1029/2005JD006744.
Reed, R. J. (1964). A tentative model of the 26-month oscillation in tropical latitudes. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 90(386), 441–466. doi:10.1002/qj.49709038607.
Soukharev, B., & Hood, L. L. (2001). Possible solar modulation of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation: additional statistical evidence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 14855–14868.
van Loon, H., & Labitzke, K. (2000). The influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the stratosphere below 30 km: a review. Space Science Reviews, 94(1–2), 259–278. doi:10.1023/A:1026731625713.
van Loon, H., Zerefos, C., & Repais, C. (1982). The southern oscillation in the stratosphere. Monthly Weather Review, 110, 225–229. Notes and correspondence.
Acknowledgements
We thank the members of the Stratospheric Research Group, FUB for professional support. The 10.7 cm solar flux data are from the World Data Center A, Boulder, Colorado. NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Labitzke, K., Kunze, M. (2013). Interannual Variability and Trends in the Stratosphere. In: Lübken, FJ. (eds) Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES). Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4348-9_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4348-9_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4347-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4348-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)