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Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 7 pp 47–59Cite as

Myocardial Regeneration of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Differentiation, Paracrine, Fusion Mechanisms

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Part of the book series: Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells ((STEM,volume 7))

Abstract

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising alternative cell source for repairing damaged myocardium based on the following advantages: (1) abundant adipose tissue in most patients, (2) easy accessibility, (3) relatively high density of stem cells within adipose tissue, and (4) ASC-mediated improvement of cardiac function in the animal models of myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of ASCs on myocardial regeneration are not fully understood. It is generally recognized that ASCs improve cardiac function via the differentiation into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, fusion of injected ASCs with host cardiomyocytes, or through paracrine pathways. Paracrine factors secreted by ASCs can enhance angiogenesis, reduce cell apoptosis rates, and promote neuron sprouts in infarcted myocardium. In addition, injection of ASCs increases the electrical stability of injured hearts. Importantly, there are no reported cases of arrhythmia or tumorigenesis in any studies regarding myocardial regeneration with ASCs. Here we focus on the characteristics of both cultured and freshly isolated ASCs, their myocardial regeneration application in animal models, survival of injected ASCs in the infarcted hearts, and the regeneration mechanisms. Safety issues, ASC clinical trial, and future studies will be also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Xiaowen Bai & Zeljko J. Bosnjak

Authors
  1. Xiaowen Bai
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  2. Zeljko J. Bosnjak
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Correspondence to Xiaowen Bai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biology, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA

    M.A. Hayat

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Bai, X., Bosnjak, Z.J. (2012). Myocardial Regeneration of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Differentiation, Paracrine, Fusion Mechanisms. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 7. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4285-7_5

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