Abstract
Hamblin’s Fallacies (1970) had enormous influence on both fallacy theory and argumentation theory. One crucial argument occurs in Chapter 7 where Hamblin states ‘dialectical concepts have a certain claim to be considered the fundamental ones’ (244). But Hamblin does not here explain what he means by the term ‘dialectical’. From the use he makes of it, one would infer that he means something like… “related to acceptance.” In Chapter 8, however, it seems to have a different sense. There Hamblin develops the rudiments of a system of Dialectic; the term ‘dialectical’ is the adjectival related to that noun. In Chapter 9, an important question occurs at the beginning of Chapter 9, when Hamblin asks: ‘Where do dialectical rules derive their authority?’ On p. 285, a crucial passage occurs:
If we want to lay bare the foundations of Dialectic, we should give the dialectical rules themselves a chance to determine what is a statement, what is a question. This general idea is familiar enough from Wittgenstein in Preliminary Studies… [and now he refers to The Brown Book] as having “the best examples of dialectical analysis.”
It seems that if we are to understand what Hamblin means by ‘dialectical’ in this context, we need to understand what Hamblin has in mind in this passage. In this paper, I attempt to explain what this claim means, how Hamblin derives this sense of ‘dialectical’ from his reading of Wittgenstein, and how this helps us to understand senses of the term ‘dialectical’ from Chapters 7 and 8 of Fallacies. My conclusion is that although there is some differences in these various uses, there is a fundamental coherence in his deployment of the concept ‘dialectical’.
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Notes
- 1.
On p. 245, Hamblin sets forth five criteria (D1-D5) he calls “dialectical, ones formulated without the use of the words ‘true’ and ‘valid.’” The literature has tended to focus on D1: “The premises must be accepted.”
References
Hamblin, C. L. (1970). Fallacies. London: Methuen.
Hitchcock, D. (2009). (Private correspondence, used with author’s permission.)
Johnson, R. H. (2000). Manifest rationality. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Johnson, R. H. (2009). Revisiting the logical/dialectical/rhetorical triumvirate. In J. Ritola (Ed.), OSSA8: Argument cultures. Proceedings of the OSSA conference [CD-ROM]. Windsor: OSSA.
Kripke, S. (1982). Wittgenstein on rules and private language. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Mackenzie, J. M. (2009). (Private correspondence, used with author’s permission.)
van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., Snoeck Henkemans, F., et al. (1996). Fundamentals of argumentation theory: A handbook of backgrounds and contemporary developments. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Wittgenstein, L. W. (1952). Philosophical investigations (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Wittgenstein, L. W. (1958). Preliminary studies for the ‘philosophical investigations’ [Generally known as The blue & brown books]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Acknowledgement
Thanks are due to David Hitchcock who provided the impetus and important comments; and to Jim Mackenzie for his helpful comments. Thanks as well my colleagues Tony Blair, Hans V. Hansen, Christopher Tindale, and Douglas Walton at CRRAR, and to Rongdong Jin for his comment and criticisms of earlier versions. I am especially grateful to Tony Blair for his painstaking and helpful comments on several drafts. I am grateful as well to two referees assigned by ISSA who provided constructive suggestions.
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Johnson, R.H. (2012). Wittgenstein’s Influence on Hamblin’s Concept of ‘Dialectical’. In: van Eemeren, F., Garssen, B. (eds) Topical Themes in Argumentation Theory. Argumentation Library, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4041-9_4
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