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Molecules That Drive the Invasion and Metastasis of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

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Inflammatory Breast Cancer: An Update

Abstract

Invasion and metastasis represent two of the most critical and rate ­limiting steps of cancer progression. It is very well known that IBC is lympho-angioinvasive and appears to be metastatic upon inception. Therefore, identifying and targeting molecules that regulate these critical steps formulate a logical treatment approach for IBC. This chapter focuses on the advancements that have taken place so far in terms of identifying unique molecular determinants that potentially drive IBC invasion and metastasis. Studies before 2000 established SUM149 and SUM190 IBC cell lines, identified hormonal status, differential expression of RhoC GTPase, LIBC (now known as WISP3) and E-cadherin, as potential metastatic markers along with creation of the MARY-X xenograft model. These findings developed a strong foundation for studies post 2001 that investigated various pre- and posttranslational signaling events, pro-angiogenic factors and potential targeted therapy approaches for IBC. We conclude this chapter with a comprehensive model summarizing all the breakthrough findings and their potential interdependence that could ultimately ­produce a unique response of preventing IBC invasion and metastasis.

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Abbreviations

Abl:

Abelson proto-oncogene

Ang-1:

Angiopoietin 1

bFGF:

basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

BRCA:

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Protein

CCR-7:

C-C motif chemokine receptor type 7

Cox-2:

cyclooxygenase-2

CXCR-4:

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4

EGF(R):

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

eIF4G1:

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation factor 4 Gamma 1

ER:

Estrogen Receptor

ERK(1/2):

Extracellular-signal-Regulated Kinases

EST:

Expressed Sequence Tag

FTI:

Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor

GAP:

GTPase Activating Protein

GDI:

Guanosine Dissociation Inhibitor

GEF:

Guanosine Exchange Factor

GIST:

Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumors

H19:

Imprinted maternally expressed transcript (non-protein coding)

HDAC:

Histone Deacetylase

HMEC:

Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

HMG-CoA:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A

IGFBP:

Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein

IGFBP-rp9:

Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein Related Protein 9

IGF(R) (I/II):

Insulin Growth Factor Receptor (I/II)

IL:

Interleukin

IRES:

Internal Ribosomal Entry Site

IRS-1:

Insulin Receptor Substrate-1

KDR:

Kinase Insert Domain Receptor

LIBC:

Lost in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

MAPK:

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase

MMP-2:

Matrix Metalloprotease-2

mTOR :

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin

NFκB :

nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

PDGF(R):

Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor

PGE-2:

Prostaglandin E2

pHER-2/neu:

phospho - Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor- 2

PR:

Progesteron Receptor

Prox-1:

Prospero homeobox 1

Rex-1:

RNA exonuclease 1 homolog

SCID:

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

SEER:

Surveillance epidemiology and end results

sLex/a:

sialyl-Lewis(x/a)

TGF (α/β):

Transforming Growth Factor

Tie (1/2):

Tyrosine kinase with Immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

WISP 3:

WNT1 Inducible Signaling pathway Protein 3

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Madhura Joglekar

  2. The Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE, USA

    Kenneth L. van Golen

  3. The University of Delaware, 320 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19350, USA

    Kenneth L. van Golen

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  1. Madhura Joglekar
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  2. Kenneth L. van Golen
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Correspondence to Kenneth L. van Golen .

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  1. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Dept. Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas, Holcombe Blvd. 1515, Houston, 77030-4095, Texas, USA

    Naoto T. Ueno

  2. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cottman Avenue; Room C315 333, Philadelphia, 19111, Pennsylvania, USA

    Massimo Cristofanilli

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Joglekar, M., van Golen, K.L. (2012). Molecules That Drive the Invasion and Metastasis of Inflammatory Breast Cancer. In: Ueno, N., Cristofanilli, M. (eds) Inflammatory Breast Cancer: An Update. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3907-9_15

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