Abstract
Growing old is a personal challenge for every human being and a positive appreciation of men’s final years has never been self evident, on the contrary. There is a long, deeply rooted belief, that old age is an inevitably dark perspective awaiting everyone, given he has time enough to life. Consider, for example, Plato ’s words, quoted here above and taken from his book Epinomis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Achterberg, W.P., G. Gambassi, H. Finne-Soveri, et al. 2010. Pain in European long-term care facilities: cross-national study in Finland, Italy and The Netherlands. Pain 148(1): 70–74.
Baltes, P.B., and J. Smith. 2003. New frontiers in the future of aging: from successful aging of the young old to the dilemmas of the fourth age. Gerontology 48: 123–35.
Baltes, P.B., and K.U. Mayer., eds. 1999. The Berlin aging study: Aging from 70–100. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bayer, A., and W. Tadd. 2000. Unjustified exclusion of elderly from studies submitted to research ethics committee for approval: descriptive study. BMJ 321(7267): 992–993.
Becker, G. 1994. The oldest old: autonomy in the face of frailty. Journal of Aging Studies 8(1): 59–76
Bergman, H., L. Ferruci, J. Guralnik, et al. 2007. Frailty: an emerging research and clinical paradigm. Issues and controversies. Journal of Gerontological Medical Science 62(7): 731–737.
Campen, C. Van. 2011. Kwetsbare ouderen (frail elderly). Den Haag: Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau.
Canguilhem, G. 1968. Études de l’histoire et de philosophie des sciences. Paris: Vrin.
Chater, K. 2002. Aging: a body of resistance. Nursing and Health Science 4(3): 123–129.
Cicero. 2009. Cato Major, or discourse on old age. Charleston NC: Bibliolife.
Deeg, D.J.H., and M.T.E. Puts. 2007. Het kwetsbare succes van ouder worden (The vulnerable succes of aging). Tijdschr Verpleeghuisgeneeskunde 32: 147–151.
Descartes, R. 1960. Discourse on method and meditations. New York: The Liberal Arts Press.
Fillit, H., and R.N. Butler. 2009. The frailty identity crisis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57(2): 348–52.
Foucault, M. 1988. The care of the self. New York: Vintage books.
Fried, L.P., C.M. Tangen, J. Watson, et al. 2001. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. Journals of Gerontology A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 56A(3): 146–156.
Fries, J.F. 1980. Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity. New England Journal of Medicine 303(3): 130–135.
Fries, J.F. 2005. The compression of morbidity. The Milbank Quarterly 83(4): 801–33.
Fries, J.F. 2002. Reducing disability in older age. JAMA 288(24): 3164–3166.
Fries, J.F., B. Bruce, and E. Chakravarty. 2011. Compression of morbidity 1980–2011: a founded review of paradigms and progress. Journal of Aging Research. doi: 10.4061/2011/261702.
Gilleard, C., and P. Higgs. 2010. Aging without agency: theorizing the fourth age. Aging and Mental Health 14(2): 121–128.
Gilleard, C., and P. Higgs. 2010. Frailty, disability and old age: A re-appraisal Health. doi: 10.1177/1363459310383595.
Grenier, A. 2007. Constructions of frailty in the English language, care practice and lived experience. Aging & Society 27(3): 425–445.
Grimley, Evans J. 1998. Aging. In Clinical futures, ed. M. Marinker, and M. Peckham, p. 174. London: BMJ Books.
Hadot, P. 1995. Philosophy as a way of life. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hertogh, C.M.P.M. 2009. PREDICT: ontwikkeling van een handvest voor ouderenparticipatie in klinisch geneesmiddelenonderzoek. (PREDICT: Development of a charter for older people in clinical trials.). Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 40: 180–183.
Hertogh, C.M.P.M. 2010. De Senectute: Ehtiek en kwetsbaarheid. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit (De Senectute: ethics and vulnaribility. Inaugural Address. Amsterdam: VU University).
Hogan, D.B., C. MacKnight, and H. Bergman. 2003. Models, definitions, and criteria of frailty. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 15(3): 3–29.
Huber. M, J.A. Knottnerus, L.G. Green, et al. 2011. How should we define Health?. BMJ. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4163.
Jones, D.M., X. Song, and K. Rockwood. 2004. Operationalizing a frailty index from a Standardized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52(11): 1929–1933.
Kaufman, S.R. 1994. The social construction of frailty: an anthropological perspective. Journal of Aging Studies 8(1): 45–58.
Kirkwood, T.B.L, and M.A. Ritter. 1997. The interface between aging and health in man. Age and Aging 26(4): 9-14.
Kuh, D. 2007. A life course approach to healthy aging, frailty and capability. Journal of Gerontological of Medical Science 62A(7): 717–721.
Lang, P.O., J.P. Michel, and D. Zekry. 2009. Frailty Syndrome: a transitional state in a dynamic process. Gerontology 55(5): 539–549.
Lasslett, P. 1989. A fresh map of life: the emergence of the third age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Levy, B., O. Ashman, and I. Dror. 1999. To be or not to be: the effects of aging stereotypes on the will to live. Omega (Westport) 40(3): 409–420.
Markle-Reid, M., and G. Browne. 2003. Conceptualizations of frailty in relation of older adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing 44(1): 58–68.
Puts, M.T.E. 2006. Frailty: biological risk factors, negative consequences and quality of life. VU Amsterdam: Thesis.
Rockwood, K. 2005. What would make a definition of frailty successful?. Age and Aging 34(5): 432–434.
Rowe, J.W., and R.L. Kahn. 1998. Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books.
Spielman, B.J. 1986. Rethinking paradigms in geriatric ethics. Journal of Religion and Health 25(2): 142–148.
Tallis, R. 2004. Hippocratic oaths, medicine and its discontents. Atlantic books: London.
Tavani, C. 1978. A staff report. Public policy and the frail elderly. (DHEW publication no. (OHDS) 79–20959). Washington: Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Taylor, C. 2004. Modern social imaginaries. Durham NC: Duke University Press.
Tinetti, M.E., and T. Fried. 2004. The end of the disease era. American Journal of Medical 116(3): 179–185.
Tronto, J.C. 1993. Moral boundaries. A political argument for an ethic of care. New York: Routledge.
Vaillant, G.E., and K. Mukamol. 2001. Succesful aging. American Journal of Psychiatry 158(6): 839–847.
Walker, M.U. 1998. Moral understandings. A feminist study in ethics. New York: Roultledge.
Zuidema, S.U., E. Derksen, F.R. Verhey, and R.T. Koopmans. 2007. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a large sample of Dutch nursing home patients with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22(7): 632–638.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hertogh, C. (2013). Aging Beyond Frailty: The Future of Old Age. In: Schermer, M., Pinxten, W. (eds) Ethics, Health Policy and (Anti-) Aging: Mixed Blessings. Ethics and Health Policy, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3870-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3870-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-3869-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-3870-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)