Summary
This chapter deals with some taxonomic and ecological aspects of picocyanobacteria (Pcy) single-cells, microcolonies and other colonial (CPcy), that are common in lakes throughout the world, and abundant across a wide spectrum of trophic conditions. We discussed phenotypic diversity of Pcy in conjunction with a genotypic approach in order to resolve whether a similar morphology also reflects a phylogenetic relationship. Microcolonies of different size (from 5 to 50 cells) constitute a gradient without a net separation from single-celled types and should be considered Pcy, as transition forms from single-cell to colonial morphotypes. The single-celled Pcy populations tend to be predominant in large, deep oligo-mesotrophic lakes, while the CPcy find optimal conditions in warmer, shallower and more nutrient rich lakes. The knowledge of Pcy diversity in pelagic and littoral zone habitats is a key to understand the dominance of certain genotypes in the water column and of their ubiquity. We devoted some paragraphs to analyse the factors (biotic and abiotic) which can influence the dynamics of the different Pcy forms and we have approached the study of their common ecology.
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Abbreviations
- Pcy:
-
picocyanobacteria
- CPcy:
-
colonial picocyanobacteria
- PE-rich:
-
phycoerythrin containing Pcy
- PC-rich:
-
phycocyanin containing Pcy
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll a
- HNF:
-
heterotrophic nanoflagellates
- ITS-1:
-
internal transcribed spacer region between the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes
- T-RFLP:
-
terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism
- DGGE:
-
denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis
- ARISA:
-
automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses
- DCM:
-
deep chlorophyll maximum
- OTU:
-
operational taxonomic unit
- RT-qPCR:
-
real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- FDC:
-
frequency of dividing cells
- RUBISCO:
-
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
- ELF:
-
enzyme labelled fluorescence
- APA:
-
extracellular phosphatase activity
- DOP:
-
dissolved organic phosphorus
- CPD:
-
cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer
- BWF:
-
biological weighting functions
- MAAs:
-
mycosporine-like amino acid compounds
- Kd :
-
extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank colleagues of the Microbial Ecology group of CNR-ISE Verbania, Italy, for their collaboration and strong support, and equally the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in British Columbia for supporting food chain research in lakes over the past three decades, including the special efforts of staff of Plankton Ecology Laboratory, West Vancouver, notably Ken Shortreed, Erland MacIsaac and Bruce Nidle. We also thank David Scanlan for valuable comments during preparation of the chapter, Roberto Bertoni for providing laboratory facilities in the microbial ecology laboratory at Verbania and Mario Contesini for technical assistance and field work on Lago Maggiore. A special thank to Brian Whitton for his untiring help to improve the manuscript.
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Callieri, C., Cronberg, G., Stockner, J.G. (2012). Freshwater Picocyanobacteria: Single Cells, Microcolonies and Colonial Forms. In: Whitton, B. (eds) Ecology of Cyanobacteria II. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3_8
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