Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) is a quantitatively minor membrane phospholipid which is the precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P 2 in the classical agonist-regulated phospholipase C signalling pathway. However, PtdIns4P also governs the recruitment and function of numerous trafficking molecules, principally in the Golgi complex. The majority of phosphoinositides (PIs) phosphorylated at the D4 position of the inositol headgroup are derived from PtdIns4P and play roles in a diverse array of fundamental cellular processes including secretion, cell migration, apoptosis and mitogenesis; therefore, PtdIns4P biosynthesis can be regarded as key point of regulation in many PI-dependent processes.
Two structurally distinct sequence families, the type II and type III PtdIns 4-kinases, are responsible for PtdIns4P synthesis in eukaryotic organisms. These important proteins are differentially expressed, localised and regulated by distinct mechanisms, indicating that the enzymes perform non-redundant roles in trafficking and signalling. In recent years, major advances have been made in our understanding of PtdIns4K biology and here we summarise current knowledge of PtdIns4K structure, function and regulation.
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We are grateful to Prof. Justin Hsuan, Dr. Emma Clayton and Dr. Emily Chu for comments on the manuscript. SM and MGW acknowledge the support of the BBSRC (award BB/G021163/1).
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Minogue, S., Waugh, M.G. (2012). The Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinases: Don’t Call it a Comeback. In: Balla, T., Wymann, M., York, J. (eds) Phosphoinositides I: Enzymes of Synthesis and Degradation. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 58. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3012-0_1
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