Abstract
The endocannabinoids, endogenous lipid mediators of related chemical structure to the prototype exogenous cannabinoid Δ9-THC found in marijuana, have emerged as important mediators that regulate central and peripheral neural functions as well as immune responses. Endogenous and exogenous cannabinoid ligands bind to cannabinoid receptors: the predominant central cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and the peripheral cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2). CB1 and CB2 are members of the G-protein coupled receptor family. Cannabinoids were shown to modulate the immune system and to affect the migration of blood cells, such as T-cells, monocytes and myeloid leukemia cells, through CB receptors. Recent data indicate the potential role of cannabinoid ligands and receptors in the regulation of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) migration and trafficking. These studies may lead to clinical applications of cannabinoid-based compounds as new HSC-mobilizer agents for therapeutic intervention in bone marrow failure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Abel EL, Dintcheff BA, Day N (1980) Effects of marihuana on pregnant rats and their offspring. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 71(1):71–74
Aiuti A, Turchetto L, Cota M, Cipponi A, Brambilla A, Arcelloni C, Paroni R, Vicenzi E, Bordignon C, Poli G (1999) Human CD34(+) cells express CXCR4 and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1. Implications for infection by T-cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus. Blood 94(1):62–73
Alger BE (2004) Endocannabinoids: getting the message across. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(23):8512–8513
Barnett-Norris J, Lynch D, Reggio PH (2005) Lipids, lipid rafts and caveolae: their importance for GPCR signaling and their centrality to the endocannabinoid system. Life Sci 77(14):1625–1639
Challen GA, Little MH (2006) A side order of stem cells: the SP phenotype. Stem Cells 24(1):3–12
Chevaleyre V, Takahashi KA, Castillo PE (2006) Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS. Annu Rev Neurosci 29:37–76
Correa F, Mestre L, Molina-Holgado EO, Arévalo-Martín A, Docagne F, Romero E, Molina-Holgado F, Borrell J, Guaza C (2005) The role of cannabinoid system on immune modulation: therapeutic implications on CNS inflammation. Mini Rev Med Chem 5(7):671–675
Diaz-Laviada I, Ruiz-Llorente L (2005) Signal transduction activated by cannabinoid receptors. Mini Rev Med Chem 5(7):619–630
DiPersio JF, Stadtmauer EA, Nademanee A, Micallef IN, Stiff PJ, Kaufman JL, Maziarz RT, Hosing C, Früehauf S, Horwitz M, Cooper D, Bridger G, Calandra G, 3102 Investigators (2009) Plerixafor and G-CSF versus placebo and G-CSF to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 113(23):5760–5766
Felder CC, Glass M (1998) Cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 38:179–200
Flomenberg N, DiPersio J, Calandra G (2005) Role of CXCR4 chemokine receptor blockade using AMD3100 for mobilization of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells. Acta Haematol 114(4):198–205
Fride E (2005) Endocannabinoids in the central nervous system: from neuronal networks to behavior. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 4(6):633–642
Goessling W, Allen RS, Guan X, Jin P, Uchida N, Dovey M, Harris JM, Metzger ME, Bonifacino AC, Stroncek D, Stegner J, Armant M, Schlaeger T, Tisdale JF, Zon LI, Donahue RE, North TE (2011) Prostaglandin E2 enhances human cord blood stem cell xenotransplants and shows long-term safety in preclinical nonhuman primate transplant models. Cell Stem Cell 8:445–458
Grinspoon L (1997) Marijuana addiction. Science 277(5327):749; author reply 750–752
Guzman M (2003) Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents. Nat Rev Cancer 3(10):745–755
Hillard CJ, Manna S, Greenberg MJ, DiCamelli R, Ross RA, Stevenson LA, Murphy V, Pertwee RG, Campbell WB (1999) Synthesis and characterization of potent and selective agonists of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor (CB1). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289(3):1427–1433
Huffman JW, Liddle J, Yu S, Aung MM, Abood ME, Wiley JL, Martin BR (1999) 3-(1′,1′-Dimethylbutyl)-1-deoxy-delta8-THC and related compounds: synthesis of selective ligands for the CB2 receptor. Bio Med Chem 7(12):2905–2914
Jiang S, Fu Y, Williams J, Wood J, Pandarinathan L, Avraham S, Makriyannis A, Avraham S, Avraham HK (2007) Expression and function of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and their cognate cannabinoid ligands in murine embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2(7):e641
Jiang S, Fu Y, Avraham HK (2011) Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell trafficking mobilization by the endocannabinoid system. Transfusion 51 (Suppl 4):65S–71S
Jo DY, Rafii S, Hamada T, Moore MA (2000) Chemotaxis of primitive hematopoietic cells in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. J Clin Invest 105(1):101–111
Jorda MA, Verbakel SE, Valk PJ, Vankan-Berkhoudt YV, Maccarrone M, Finazzi-Agrò A, Löwenberg B, Delwel R (2002) Hematopoietic cells expressing the peripheral cannabinoid receptor migrate in response to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Blood 99(8):2786–2793
Kaushansky K (2006) Lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factors. N Engl J Med 354(19):2034–2045
Lambert DM, Fowler CJ (2005) The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications. J Med Chem 48(16):5059–5087
Mackie K (2006) Cannabinoid receptors as therapeutic targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 46:101–122
Moore KA, Lemischka IR (2006) Stem cells and their niches. Science 311(5769):1880–1885
Oz M (2006) Receptor-independent actions of cannabinoids on cell membranes: focus on endocannabinoids. Pharmacol Ther 111(1):114–144
Pelus LM, Horowitz D, Cooper SC, King AG (2002) Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization. A role for CXC chemokines. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 43(3):257–275
Pertwee RG (1999) Pharmacology of cannabinoid receptor ligands. Curr Med Chem 6(8):635–664
Schatz AR, Lee M, Condie RB, Pulaski JT, Kaminski NE (1997) Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2: a characterization of expression and adenylate cyclase modulation within the immune system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 142(2):278–287
Stem Cell Basics (2012) National Institutes of Health Stem Cell Reports. http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/
Valverde O, Karsak M, Zimmer A (2005) Analysis of the endocannabinoid system by using CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout mice. Handb Exp Pharmacol 168:117–145
Wotjak CT (2005) Role of endogenous cannabinoids in cognition and emotionality. Mini Rev Med Chem 5(7):659–670
Zurier RB (2003) Prospects for cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory agents. J Cell Biochem 88(3):462–466
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Lili Wang for editing the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jiang, S., Yigong, F., Avraham, S., Makriyannis, A., Avraham, H.K. (2012). Regulation of Stem Cells by the Endocannabinoid System. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 6. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2993-3_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2993-3_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2992-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2993-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)