Abstract
This chapter analyzes the in-depth accounts given by 15 female Chinese-Singaporean repeat migrants—who lived again in Singapore—of their transnational biographies. Building on the idea that repeat migrants stay in different societies because of the benefits they hope they will derive from living in different places, this chapter analyzes why and how the repeat migrant women’s performances of their identifications—by reconstructing their transnational biographies—is closely linked to the outcomes of their attempts to realize their cultural, social, and economic aspiration in their transnational spaces. Cross referencing the women’s performances of their transnational positions—which are their accounts of their relations with people and institutions in the different societies in which they lived—with the outcomes of the women’s attempts to construct new and necessary cultural capital in order to access new and desired cultural, social, and economic resources; will provide new and original insight into the complex question of how and why social inequalities are or are not reproduced under increasing conditions of globalization, that is, under conditions that potentially augment the number of accepted definitions of cultural capital.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Location refers to the characteristics of a place of residence.
- 2.
This number is based on the entry and exit records of Singapore. Included in the count are Singaporeans who were away for a cumulative period of at least six months during the year preceding the count. Thanks are due to the Singapore Department of Statistics for this clarification.
References
Anthias, F. (2001). New hybridities, old concepts: The limits of ‘culture’. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24(4), 619–641.
Borjas, G. J. (2000). Economics of migration. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences Section No. 3(4), Article No. 38.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York: Greenwood Press.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble, feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
Chan, K. B. (2005). Chinese identities, ethnicity and cosmopolitanism. London: Routledge.
Chan, K. B. (2009). Policies and strategies of Israel and Singapore to attract, develop and retain returnee talents . Hong Kong: Central Policy Unit, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Christou, A., & King, R. (2006). Migrants encounter migrants in the city: The changing context of ‘home’ for second-generation Greek-American return migrants. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(4), 816–835.
Constable, N. (1999). At home but not at home: Filipina narratives of ambivalent returns. Cultural Anthropology, 14(2), 203–228.
Department of Homeland Security. (2008). Yearbook of immigration statistics. http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics Accessed September 20, 2010.
Diaz, C. (2002). Conversational heuristics as a reflexive method for feminist research. International Review of Sociology, 12(2), 249–255.
Dill, B. T., & Zambrana, R. E. (Eds.). (2008). Emerging intersections: Race, class, and gender in theory, policy, and practice. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Foner, N. (2007). How exceptional is New York? Migration and multiculturalism in the empire city. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), 999–1023.
Giddens, A. (1991). Tribulations of the self. In A. Gidddens (Ed.), Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age (pp. 181–208). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Girard, E. R., & Bauder, H. (2007). Assimilation and exclusion of foreign trained engineers in Canada: Inside a professional regulatory organization. Antipode, 39(1), 35–53.
Gmelch, G. (1992). Double passage: The lives of Caribbean migrants abroad and back home. Ann Arbour: The University of Michigan Press.
Held, D. (Ed.). (2004). A globalizing world: Culture, economic, politics. London: Routledge.
Higginbotham, E. (2009). Entering a profession: Race, gender, and class in the lives of black women attorneys. In B. T. Dill & R. E. Zambrana (Eds.), Emerging intersections: Race, class, and gender in theory, policy, and practice (pp. 22–49). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Ho, E. L. E. (2008). ‘Flexible citizenship’ or familial ties that bind? Singaporean transmigrants in London. International Migration, 46(4), 145–173.
Iglicka, K. (1998). Are they fellow countrymen or not? The migration of ethnic poles from Kazakhstan to Poland. International Migration Review, 32(4), 995–1014.
Kivisto, P., & Hartung, E. (Eds.). (2007). Intersecting inequalities: Class, race, sex and sexualities. Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
Kloosterman, R., & Rath, J. (2001). Immigrant entrepreneurs in advanced economies: Mixed embeddedness further explored. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(2), 189–201.
Kong, L. (1999). Globalisation and Singaporean transmigration: Re-imagining and negotiating national identity. Political Geography, 18(5), 536–589.
Kor, K. B. (2010, 24 November). Homegrown firms, overseas S’poreans key to progress. The Straits Times.
Krieg, R. (2006). Gender in cross-cultural management: Women’s careers in Sino-German joint ventures. In L. Douw & K. B. Chan (Eds.), Conflict and innovation: Joint ventures in China (pp. 184–207). Leiden: Brill.
Lan, P. C. (2003). They have more money but I speak better english! Transnational encounters between Filipina domestics and Taiwanese employers. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 10(2), 133–161.
Li, X. & Chew, C. (2010, 21 October). What PM Lee would have done differently … The Straits Times.
Lutz, H., Herrera-Vivar, M. T., & Supik, L. (Eds.). (2011). Framing intersectionality: Debates on a multi-faceted concept in gender studies. Farnham: Ashgate.
Nederveen Pieterse, J. N. (1997). Globalization as hybridization. In M. Featherstone, S. Lash, & R. Robertson (Eds.), Global modernities (pp. 45–68). London: Sage Publications.
Ong, A. (1999). Flexible citizenship: The cultural logics of transnationality. Durham: Duke University Press.
Onwumechili, C., Nwosu, P. O., Jackson, R. L., II, & James-Hughes, J. (2003). In the deep valley with mountains to climb: Exploring identity and multiple reacculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(1), 41–62.
Oon, C. (2008, 13 February). S’pore loses 1,000 top talents yearly: MM Lee. The Straits Times.
Ossman, S. (2004). Emerging research: Studies in serial migration. International Migration, 42(4), 111–121.
Plüss, C. (2005). Constructing globalised ethnicity: Migrants from India in Hong Kong. International Sociology, 20(2), 201–224.
Plüss, C. (2009). Trans-national biographies and trans-national habiti: The case of Chinese Singaporeans in Hong Kong. In D. Heng, & S. M. K. Aljuned (Eds.), Reframing Singapore: Memory, identity and trans-regionalism (Selected papers from the 5th international convention of Asian scholars) (pp.195–210). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press/ICAS.
Plüss, C. (2011). Baghdadi jews in Hong Kong: Converting cultural, social and economic capital among three transregional networks. Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs, 10(4), 82–96.
Savage, M., & Bennet, T. (2005). Editors’ introduction: Cultural capital and social inequality. The British Journal of Sociology, 56(1), 1–11.
Singapore Department of Statistics. (2008). Statistics Singapore – Time series on population. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/themes/people/hist/popn.html Accessed January 28, 2009.
Singapore Department of Statistics. (2009). Statistics Singapore – Population in brief. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/themes/people/popinbrief2009.pdfl Accessed December 21, 2009.
Weenink, D. (2008). Cosmopolitanism as a form of capital: Parents preparing their children for a globalizing world. Sociology, 42(6), 1089–1106.
Yap, M. T. (1994). Brain drain or links to the world: Views on emigrants from Singapore. Asia Pacific Migration Journal, 3(2–3), 411–429.
Yeoh, B. A. S. (2007). Singapore: Hungry for foreign workers at all skill levels. Singapore: Migration Policy Institute.
Yeoh, B. A. S., & Willis, K. (2005). Singaporean and British transmigrants in China and the cultural politics of ‘contact zones. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1(2), 260–284.
Acknowledgments
This research is funded by a Tier 1 research grant from the Academic Research Fund, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. My thanks go to all the people who made the time to participate in this study. Thanks to Vivien Won for skillfully conducting the interviews; to the NTU Sociology students for transcribing the interviews and to Sithi Hawwa for ordering the data on transnational migration trajectories. Thanks to Chan Kwok-bun and Philip Kelly for commenting on earlier versions of this chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Netherlands
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Plüss, C. (2012). Chinese-Singaporean Repeat Migrant Women: Transnational Positions and Social Inequalities. In: Plüss, C., Chan, Kb. (eds) Living Intersections: Transnational Migrant Identifications in Asia. International Perspectives on Migration, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2966-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2966-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2965-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2966-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)