Skip to main content

Arsenic in Rice Grain

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

To understand the threat posed by arsenic in rice to human food chains, the quantity and chemical species of arsenic ingested by an individual or population have to be assessed, along with gut bioavailability and the hazard associated with that arsenic. This chapter will deal with arsenic present in commercial rice products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abedin J, Cresser M, Meharg AA, Feldmann J, Cotter-Howells J (2002) Arsenic accumulation and metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ Sci Technol 36:962–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adomako EE, Williams PN, Deacon C, Meharg AA (2011) Inorganic arsenic and trace element intake from locally produced versus imported rice. Environ Pollut 159:2435–2442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arao T, Maejima Y, Koji B (2009) Uptake of aromatic arsenicals from soil contaminated with diphenylarsinic acid by rice. Environ Sci Technol 43:1097–1101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baba K, Arao T, Maejima Y, Watanabe E, Eun H, Ishizaka M (2008) Arsenic speciation in rice and soil containing related compounds of chemical warfare agents. Anal Chem 80:5768–5775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carey AM, Scheckel KG, Lombi E, Newville M, Choi Y, Norton GJ, Charnock JM, Feldmann J, Price AH, Meharg AA (2010) Grain unloading of arsenic species in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Physiol 150:309–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de la Calle MB, Emteborg H, Linsinger TPJ, Montoro R, Sloth JJ, Rubio R, Bacter MJ, Feldmann J, Vermaercke P, Raber G (2011) Does the determination of inorganic arsenic in rice depend on method? Treds Analy Chem 30:641–651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duxbury JM, Mayer AB, Lauren JG, Hassan N (2003) Food chain aspects of arsenic contamination in Bangladesh: effects on quality and productivity of rice. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 38:61–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (2009) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)/Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA J 7:1351

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldmann J, Salaun P, Lombi E (2009) Critical review perspective: elemental speciation analysis methods in environmental chemistry – moving towards methodology. Environ Chem 6:275–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freitas MC, Pacheco AMG, Bacchi MA, Dionisio I, Landsberger S, Fernandes EAN (2008) Compton suppression instrumental neutron activation analysis performance in determining trace- and minor-element contents in foodstuff. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 276:149–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FSA (2009) http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/fsis0209arsenicinrice.pdf. Last Accessed on 02/01/2012

  • Hansen HR, Raab A, Price AH, Duan G, Zhu Y, Norton GJ, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2011) Identification of tetramethylarsonium in rice grains with elevated arsenic content. J Environ Monit 13:32–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heitkemper DT, Vela NP, Stewart KR, Westphal CS (2001) Determination of total and speciated arsenic in rice by ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal Atom Spectrom 16:299–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jorhem L, Astrand C, Sundstrom B, Baxter M, Stokes P, Lewis J, Grawe KP (2008) Elements in rice from Swedish market: 1. Cadmium, lead and arsenic (total and inorganic). Food Addit Contam 25:284–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz AL, Smith E, Weber J, Rees M, Rofe A, Kuchel T, Sansom L, Naidu R (2006) In vivo assessment of arsenic bioavailability in rice and its significance for human health risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 114:1826–1831

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamont WH (2003) Concentration of inorganic arsenic in samples of white rice from the United States. J Food Compos Anal 16(6):687–695. doi:10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00097-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li RY, Ago Y, Liu WJ, Mitani N, Feldmann J, McGrath SP, Ma JF, Zhao FJ (2009) The rice aquaporin Lsi1 mediates uptake of methylated arsenic species. Plant Physiol 150:2071–2080

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin HT, Wong SS, Li GC (2004) Heavy metal content of rice and shellfish in Taiwan. J Food Drug Anal 12:167–174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CW, Lin CC, Jang CS, Sheu GR, Tsui L (2009) Arsenic accumulation by rice grown in soil treated with roxarsone. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 172:550–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lombi E, Susini J (2009) Synchrotron-based techniques for plant and soil science: opportunities, challenges and future perspectives. Plant Soil 320:1–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lombi E, Scheckel KG, Pallon J, Carey AM, Zhu YG, Meharg AA (2009) Speciation and distribution of arsenic and localization of nutrients in rice grains. New Phytol 184:193–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Y, Adomako EE, Solaiman ARM, Islam RM, Deacon C, Williams PN, Rahman GKMM, Meharg AA (2009) Baseline soil variation is a major factor in arsenic accumulation in Bengal Delta paddy rice. Environ Sci Technol 43:1724–1729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Hartley-Whitaker J (2002) Arsenic uptake and metabolism in arsenic resistant and non-resistant plant species. New Phytol 154:29–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Raab A (2010) Getting to the bottom of arsenic standards and guidelines. Environ Sci Technol 44:4395–4399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Rahman Md M (2003) Arsenic contamination of Bangladesh paddy field soils: implications for rice contribution to arsenic consumption. Environ Sci Technol 37:229–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Sun G, Williams PN, Adamako E, DeaconC ZhuYG, Feldmann J, Raab A (2008a) Inorganic arsenic levels in baby rice are of concern. Environ Pollut 152:746–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Deacon C, Campbell RCJ, Carey A-M, Williams PN, Feldmann J, Raab A (2008b) Inorganic arsenic levels in rice milk exceed EU and US drinking water standards. J Environ Monit 10:428–431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Williams PN, Schekel K, Lombi E, Feldmann J, Raab A, Zhu YG, Gault A, Islam R (2008c) Speciation of arsenic differs between white and brown rice grain. Environ Sci Technol 42:1051–1057

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA, Williams PN, Adamako E, Lawgali YY, Deacon C, Villada A, Cambell RCJ, Sun GX, Zhu YG, Feldmann J, Raab A, Zhao FJ, Islam R, Hossain S, Yanai J (2009) Geographical variation in total and inorganic arsenic content of polished (white) rice. Environ Sci Technol 43:1612–1617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munoz O, Diaz OP, Leyton I, Nunez N, Devesa V, Suner MA, Velez D (2002) Vegetables collected in the cultivated Andean area of northern Chile: total and inorganic arsenic contents in raw vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 50:642–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (2001) Arsenic in drinking water – 2001 update. National Academy Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton GJ, Islam MR, Deacon CM, Zhao FJ, Stroud JL, McGrath SP, Islam S, Jahiruddin M, Feldmann J, Price AH, Meharg AA (2009) Identification of low inorganic and total grain arsenic rice cultivars from Bangladesh. Environ Sci Technol 43:6024–6030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raab A, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2004) The nature of arsenic – phytochelatins complexes in Holcus lanatus and Pteris cretica. Plant Physiol 134:1113–1122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raab A, Baskaran C, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2008) Cooking rice in a high water to rice ratio reduces inorganic arsenic content. J Environ Monit 11:41–44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoof RA, Yost LJ, Eickhoff J, Crecelius EA, Cragin DW et al (1999) A market basket survey of inorganic arsenic in food. Food Chem Toxicol 37:839–846

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Signes-Pastor AJ, Deacon C, Harris P, Carbonell-Barrachina AA, Meharg AA (2009) Arsenic speciation in Japanese rice drinks and condiments. J Environ Monit 11:1930–1934

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun GX, Williams PN, Carey AM, Zhu YG, Deacon C et al (2008) Inorganic arsenic in rice bran and its products are an order of magnitude higher than in bulk grain. Environ Sci Technol 42:7542–7546

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun G-X, Zhu YG, Williams PN, Deacon C, Meharg AA (2009) Survey of arsenic and its speciation in cereal rice products. Environ Int 35:473–475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torres-Escribano S, Leal M, Velez D, Montoro R (2008) Total and inorganic arsenic concentrations in rice sold in Spain, effect of cooking, and risk assessments. Environ Sci Technol 42:3867–3872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PN, Price AH, Raab A, Hossain SA, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2005) Variation in arsenic speciation and concentration in paddy rice related to dietary exposure. Environ Sci Technol 39:5531–5540

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PN, Islam MR, Adomako EE, Raab A, Hossain SA et al (2006) Increase in rice grain arsenic for regions of Bangladesh irrigating paddies with elevated arsenic in groundwaters. Environ Sci Technol 40:4903–4908

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PN, Raab A, Feldmann J, Meharg AA (2007a) Market basket survey shows elevated levels of as in South Central US processed rice compared to California: consequences for human dietary exposure. Environ Sci Technol 41:2178–2183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PN, Villada A, Deacon C, Raab A, Figuerola J et al (2007b) Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley. Environ Sci Technol 41:6854–6859

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PN, Lei M, Sun G-X, Huang Q, Lu Y, Deacon C, Meharg AA, Zhu Y-G (2009) Occurrence and partitioning of cadmium, arsenic and lead in mine impacted paddy rice: Hunan, China. Environ Sci Technol 43:637–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2004) IARC, Working Group on some drinking water disinfectants and contaminants, including arsenic, vol 84. Lyon. Monograph 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu XY, McGrath SP, Meharg A, Zhao FJ (2008) Growing rice aerobically markedly decreases arsenic accumulation. Environ Sci Technol 42:5574–5579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zavala YJ, Duxbury JM (2008) Arsenic in rice: I. Estimating normal levels of total arsenic in rice grain. Environ Sci Technol 42:3856–3860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zavala YJ, Gerads R, Gürleyük H, Duxbury JM (2008) Arsenic in rice: II. Arsenic speciation in USA grain and implications for human health. Environ Sci Technol 42:3861–3866

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao FJ, Ma JF, Meharg AA, McGrath SP (2009) Arsenic uptake and metabolism in plants. New Phytol 181:777–794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y-G, Sun G-X, Lei M, Teng M, Liu Y-X, Chen N-C, Hong W-L, Carey AM, Meharg AA, Williams PN (2008) High percentage inorganic arsenic content of mining impacted and nonimpacted Chinese rice. Environ Sci Technol 42:5008–5013

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meharg, A.A., Zhao, FJ. (2012). Arsenic in Rice Grain. In: Arsenic & Rice. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2947-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics