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Plastome Mutants of Higher Plants

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Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 35))

Summary

This chapter provides an overview of higher plant plastome mutants and their application in molecular biology, cytoplasmic genetics and biotechnology. Starting from an outline on plastid inheritance, the sources of mutants, methods of their maintenance and molecular approaches to identify the underlying genetic changes are presented. Subsequently, the molecularly characterized plastome mutants and their impact on our current knowledge about plastids are summarized. Recent developments in genomics will likely overcome technical limitations connected with the elucidation of mutant loci in plastome mutants. The great potential of plastid mutants in future research, for example in studying plastid gene regulation, as well as suitable model plants and available genetic resources are discussed.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Amino acid;

accD – :

Acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase subunit D gene;

aadA – :

Aminoglycoside 3-­adenylyltransferase gene;

AtMSH1:

Arabidopsis thaliana MutS homolog 1;

AtMsh1 – :

Arabidopsis thaliana MutS homolog 1 gene;

atp – :

ATP synthase subunit gene;

AtWhy – :

Arabidopsis thaliana whirly gene;

AtWHY:

Arabidopsis thaliana WHIRLY protein;

bp:

Base pair;

clpP – :

Chloroplast caseinolytic protease subunit P gene;

CMS:

Cytoplasmic male sterility;

cpRecA – :

Chloroplast RecA gene;

dsDNA:

Double-stranded DNA;

EMS:

Ethyl-methane-sulfonate;

IF1:

Translation initiation factor 1;

indel:

Insertion/deletion;

InfA:

Translation initiation factor A;

infA –:

Translation initiation factor A gene;

matK – :

Maturase K gene;

MNNG:

Methyl-nitro-nitroso-guanidine; N/A – not available;

NGS:

Next-generation Sequencing;

NMU:

N-nitroso-N-methyl-urea;

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol;

petB – :

Cytochrome b6/f subunit B gene;

PGI:

Plastome-genome incompatibility;

PQ:

Plastoquinone;

PS I:

Photosystem I;

PS II:

Photosystem II;

Psa:

Photosystem I subunit;

psa – :

Photosystem I subunit gene;

Psb:

Photosystem II subunit;

psb – :

Photosystem II subunit gene;

ptDNA:

Plastid DNA;

rbcL – :

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase large subunit gene;

RbcL:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase large subunit;

RbcS:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase small subunit;

RFLP:

Restriction length polymorphism;

rps12 – :

Ribosomal protein small subunit 12 gene;

RuBisCO:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase;

SAM:

Shoot apical meristem;

TILLING:

Targeting induced local lesions in genomes;

trnE(UUC) – :

tRNA-Glu (anticodon UUC);

UV:

Ultra-violet;

ycf – :

Hypothetical chloroplast reading frame;

ZmWhy – :

Zea mays whirly gene

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Acknowledgments

Drs. Ralph Bock and Reinhold G. Herrmann are acknowledged for critical reading, fruitful discussions and helpful comments on the manuscript, Lutz Neumetzler for providing the A. thaliana plastome mutant, and Josef Bergstein for photographic service. This research was supported by the Max Planck Society.

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  1. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany

    Stephan Greiner

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    Ralph Bock

  2. Inst. Zelluläre und Molekulare, Botanik (IZMB), Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115, Germany

    Volker Knoop

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Greiner, S. (2012). Plastome Mutants of Higher Plants. In: Bock, R., Knoop, V. (eds) Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 35. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2920-9_11

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