Abstract
Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Romania in the local police station of a major city between July and August 2010, this chapter examines the mediating role of geospatial information systems (GIS) in policing practices, specifically the ways in which they help shape the decisions of local police workers in their activities in the control room of managing police forces and policing the public space. The analysis illustrates both the negotiated process of mutual shaping of technology and policing practices as well as the negotiated character of constructing suspicion in technology-mediated policing. In particular, the way in which the labour of data gathering, classifying and processing, rather than being completely standardized by new information systems, emerges out of the complex negotiations between technological systems, organizational arrangements and police officers’ situated knowledge. By examining these phenomena, the article suggests that the processes of digitalization and interoperability of public administration systems need to continually account for such aspects of socio-technical ensembles. The chapter situates itself in the strand of empirical philosophical investigations grounded in day-to-day practices and takes an actor-network theoretical position (Social Problems 35(3), 1988). The methodology pursued in gathering material for this paper follows the work of Norris and Armstrong (1999) and Dubbeld (2004) whose empirical work offers, through participant observation and interviews, an account of surveillance practices in control rooms.
Not even imagination can limit this revolution [the use of GIS in public administration] as it will, with only a few noticing, change many areas of work and form the basis for other new practices that will be obligatory implemented.
(IT director)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
According to the Ministry of Interior, Traian Igas, talking in the context of the ongoing police reform and referring to an internal police study in an interview on 26 July 2011, http://www.b1.ro/stiri/politica/traian-iga-peste-30-din-angajarile-in-poli-ie-s-au-facut-pe-rela-ii-video-8520.html, a significant percent of the police staff employed in the past 13 years did not receive formal police academy training.
- 2.
To protect the anonymity and confidentiality of officials and police staff, who collaborated generously, the name of the city has been turned into M city. The same applied to the names of police staff throughout the chapter.
- 3.
The action in the “24” TV series is centred in the high-tech hub of a fictional counter terrorism unit, where the staff work surrounded by a multitude of screens and are able to simultaneously access and aggregate information from a multitude of databases.
References
Akrich, Madeline. 1992. The de-scription of technical objects. In Shaping technology/building society: Studies in sociotechnical change, ed. Wiebe Bijker and John Law. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Bijker, Wiebe, and John Law, eds. 1992. Shaping technology/building society: Studies in sociotechnical change. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Blanchette, J.-F., and D. Johnson. 2002. Data retention and the panoptic society: The social benefits of forgetfulness. The Information Society 18(1):1–13.
Dubbeld, Lynsey. 2004. The regulation of the observing gaze: Privacy implications of camera surveillance. Enschede: PrintPartners IpsKamp.
European Commission. 2010a. COM 673, the EU internal security strategy in action: Five steps towards a more secure Europe. Brussels: European Commission.
European Commission. 2010b. COM 609, a comprehensive approach on personal data protection in the European union. Brussels: European Commission.
European Union. 1995. Directive 95/46/EC of the European parliament and of the Council on the Protection of Individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, Brussels, OJ No. L281, (The EU Data Protection Directive).
Feinberg, Joel. 1984. The moral limits of the criminal law, harm to others. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press.
Flaherty, D. 1997. Controlling surveillance: Can privacy protection be made effective? In Technology and privacy: The new landscape, eds. P. Agre and M. Rotenberg, 167–192. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Friedman, B., ed. 1997. Human values and the design of computer technology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fulda, Joseph S. 2000. Data mining and privacy. Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology 11:105–113.
Gerson, E. M., and Susan Leigh Star. 1986. Analyzing due process in the workplace. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) 4(3):267 (Special issue: selected papers from the conference on office information systems).
Graeff, C., and Michael C. Loui. Ethical implications of technical limitations in geographic information systems. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society.
Gutwirth, S. 2002. Privacy and the information age. Boston: Rowman & Littlefield.
Jenkins, D.G., and L.A. McCauley. 2006. GIS, SINKS, FILL, and disappearing wetlands: Unintended consequences in algorithm development and use. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Dijon, France.
Koops, Bert-Jaap. 2003. The shifting ‘balance’ between criminal investigation and privacy. A case study of communications interception law in the Netherlands. Information, Communication & Society 6(3):380–403.
Koops, Bert-Jaap, and Ronald Leenes. 2005. ‘Code’ and the slow erosion of privacy. Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review 12(1):115.
Latour, Bruno. 1987. Science in action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Latour, Bruno. 1988. Mixing humans and nonhumans together: The sociology of a door-closer. Social Problems 35(3). (Special issue: The sociology of science and technology).
Latour, Bruno. 1992. Where are the missing masses? Sociology of a few mundane artefacts. In Shaping technology/building society: Studies in sociotechnical change, eds. Wiebe Bijker and John Law. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Manders-Huits, Noëmi. 2011. Regulating invisible harms, In Innovating Government, Information Technology and Law Series, eds. S. van der Hof and M.M. Groothuis, 20(1):57–73.
Monasso, Ton. 2011. Electronic exchange of signals on youth at risk. In Innovating government, information technology and law series, eds. S. van der Hof and M.M. Groothuis, 20(1):41–56.
Nissenbaum, Helen. 1998. Values in the design of computer systems. In Computers in Society, 38–39.
Norris, C., and G. Armstrong. 1999. The maximum surveillance society. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
Oudshoorn, N., and T. Pinch. 2003. Introduction: How users and non-users matter. How users matter The CoConstruction of users and technology, 247–270. London: MIT Press (Print).
Ratcliffe, J.H. 2008. Intelligence-led policing, 5. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
Sanders, Carrie. 2006. Have you been identified? Hidden boundary work in emergency services classifications. Information, Communication & Society 9(6):714–736.
Stancu, Şerb, ed. 2006. Police tactics manual. Ministry of administration and Internal affairs publishing house.
Star, S.L. 1991. Power, Technologies and the phenomenology of conventions: On being allergic to onions. In A sociology of monsters? Essays on power, technology and domination, sociological review monograph, ed. J. Law 38:26–56. London: Routledge.
Supreme Council for National Defence (CSAT). 2007. National defence strategy of Romania. Bucharest: Supreme council for national defence (CSAT).
Supreme Council for National Defence (CSAT). 2010. National security strategy of Romania. Bucharest: Supreme council for national defence (CSAT).
Tilley, Nick, ed. 2003. Community policing, problem-oriented policing and intelligence-led policing. In Handbook of policing, 326, ed. T. Newburn. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
Tilley, Nick. 2009. Crime prevention, 95. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
Van den Hoven, Jeroen. 1999. The internet and the varieties of moral wrongdoing. In Internet and Ethics, ed. D. Langford London: McMillan.
Van den Hoven, Jeroen. 2007. ICT and value sensitive design. IFIP international federation for information, the information society: Innovations, legitimacy, ethics and democracy processing, vol. 233.
Van der Ploeg, Irma. 2003. Biometrics and privacy: a note on the politics of theorizing technology. Information, Communication & Society 6(1):85–104.
Vedder, A.H. 2001. KDD, privacy, individuality, and fairness. In Readings in cyberethics, eds. R.A. Spinello and H.T. Tavani, 404–412. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Verbeek, P.-P. 2005. What things do: Philosophical reflections on technology, agency, and design. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seven Framework Programme (FP7 2007–2013)/Grant. No. 201853.
Besides the formal support of the DigIDeas project, the author wants to thank Irma van der Ploeg and Jason Pridmore for their guidance and useful comments as well as police staff, municipality officials and technology developers for their generous collaboration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Niculescu-Dinca, V. (2012). Managing Suspicion and Privacy in Police Information Systems. In: Gutwirth, S., Leenes, R., De Hert, P., Poullet, Y. (eds) European Data Protection: In Good Health?. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2903-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2903-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2902-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2903-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawLaw and Criminology (R0)