Abstract
Although the peripheral nervous system has an inherent potential for regeneration, injuries to nerves still result in considerable disabilities, constituting a challenge for clinicians and surgeons across the world. Knowledge of the microsurgery techniques, cell, gene and pharmacological approaches that are being implemented in basic, pre clinical and clinical trials to date is of great importance to guide neuroscientists and neurosurgeons worldwide. Among the strategies for nerve reconstruction after trauma, stem cells represent a potential therapeutic tool, opening up the possibility of their application in the nerve repair clinical setting.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aquino JB, Hjerling-Leffler J, Koltzemburg M, Edlund T, Villar MJ, Ernfors P (2006) In vitro and in vivo differentiation of boundary cap neural crest stem cells into mature Schwann cells. Exp Neurol 198:438â449
Brunelli G (1989) Direct muscle neurotization. Ann Chir Main 8:324â328
Chattopadhyay M, Wolfe D, Mata M, Huang S, Glorioso JC, Fink DJ (2005) Long-term neuroprotection achieved with latency-associated promoter-driven herpes simplex virus gene transfer to the peripheral nervous system. Mol Ther: J Am Soc Gene Ther 12:307â313
Chen CJ, Ou YC, Liao SL, Chen WY, Chen SY, Wu CW, Wang CC, Wang WY, Huang YS, Hsu SH (2007) Transplantation of bone-marrow stromal cells for peripheral nerve repair. Exp Neurol 204:443â453
Chiu DT, Janecka I, Krizek TJ, Wolff M, Lovelace RE (1982) Autogenous vein graft as a conduit for nerve regeneration. Surgery 91:226â233
Cui L, Jiang J, Wei L, Zhou X, Fraser J, Snider J, Yu SP (2008) Transplantation of embryonic stem cells improves nerve repair and functional recovery after severe sciatic nerve axotomy in rats. Stem Cells 26:1356â1365
Dahlin LB, Anagnostaki L, Lundborg G (2001) Tissue response to silicone tubes used to repair human median and ulnar nerves. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 35:29â34
Elkwood AI, Holland NR, Arbes SM, Rose MI, Kaufman MR, Ashinoff RL, Parikh MA, Patel TR (2011) Nerve allograft transplantation for functional restoration of the upper extremity: case series. J Spinal Cord Med 34:241â247
Fleming J, Ginn SL, Weinberger RP, Trahair TN, Smythe JA, Alexander IE (2001) Adeno-associated virus and lentivirus vectors mediate efficient and sustained transduction of cultured mouse and human dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons. Hum Gene Ther 12:77â86
Fu KY, Dai LG, Chiu IM, Chen JR, Hsu SH (2011) Sciatic nerve regeneration by microporous nerve conduits seeded with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene transfected neural stem cells. Artif Organs 35:363â372
Heine W, Conant K, Griffin JW, Höke A (2004) Transplanted neural stem cells promote axonal regeneration through chronically denervated peripheral nerves. Exp Neurol 189:231â240
Heumann R, Korsching S, Bandtlow C, Thoenen H (1987) Changes of nerve growth factor synthesis in non-neuronal cells in response to sciatic nerve transection. J Cell Biol 104:1623â1631
Hood B, Levene HB, Levi AD (2009) Transplantation of autologous Schwann cells for the repair of segmental peripheral nerve defects. Neurosurg Focus 26:1â9
Hu J, Zhu QT, Liu XL, Xu YB, Zhu JK (2007) Repair of extended peripheral nerve lesions in rhesus monkeys using acellular allogenic nerve grafts implanted with autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Neurol 204:658â666
Jungnickel J, Haastert K, Grzybek M, Thau N, Lipokatic-Takacs E, Ratzka A, Nölle A, Claus P, Grothe C (2010) Mice lacking basic fibroblast growth factor showed faster sensory recovery. Exp Neurol 223:166â172
Kato N, Nemoto K, Nakanishi K, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, Uenoyama M, Ikeda T, Fujikawa K (2005) Nonviral HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) liposome-mediated retrograde gene transfer of human hepatocyte growth factor into rat nervous system promotes functional and histological recovery of the crushed nerve. Neurosci Res 52:299â310
Keilhoff G, Goinhl A, Stang F, Wolf G, Fansa H (2006) Peripheral nerve tissue engineering: autologous Schwann cells vs. transdifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng 12:1451â1465
Labrador RO, ButĂ M, Navarro X (1998) Influence of collagen and laminin gels concentration on nerve regeneration after resection and tube repair. Exp Neurol 149:243â252
Levi-Montalcini R, Hamburger V (1953) A diffusible agent of mouse sarcoma, producing hyperplasia of sympathetic ganglia and hyper neurotization of viscera in the chick embryo. J Exp Zool 123:233â288
Liao WC, Chen JR, Wang YJ, Tseng GF (2009) The efficacy of end-to-end and end-to-side nerve repair (neurorrhaphy) in the rat brachial plexus. J Anat 215:506â521
Madison R, da Silva CF, Dikkes P, Chiu TH, Sidman Rl (1985) Increased rate of peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guides and a laminin-containing gel. Exp Neurol 88:767â772
Marques SA, Almeida FM, Fernandes AM, dos Santos Souza C, Cadilhe DV, Rehen SK, Martinez AM (2010) Predifferentiated embryonic stem cells promote functional recovery after spinal cord compressive injury. Brain Res 1349:115â128
Mason MR, Tannemaat MR, Malessy MJ, Verhaagen J (2011) Gene therapy for the peripheral nervous system: a strategy to repair the injured nerve? Curr Gene Ther 11:75â89
Midha R, Munro CA, Dalton PD, Tator CH, Shoichet MS (2003) Growth factor enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration through a novel synthetic hydrogel tube. J Neurosurg 99:555â565
Navarro X, VivĂł M, Valero-CabrĂ© A (2007) Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 82:163â201
Oliveira JT, Almeida FM, Biancalana A, Baptista AF, Tomaz MA, Melo PA, Martinez AM (2010) Mesenchymal stem cells in a polycaprolactone conduit enhance median-nerve regeneration, prevent decrease of creatine phosphokinase levels in muscle, and improve functional recovery in mice. Neuroscience 170:1295â1303
Pereira Lopes FR, de Moura Campos LC, Dias CorrĂȘa J Jr, Balduino A, Lora S, Langone F, Borojevic R, Blanco Martinez AM (2006) Bone marrow stromal cells and resorbable collagen guidance tubes enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in mice. Exp Neurol 198:457â468
Pereira Lopes FR, Lisboa BC, Frattini F, Almeida FM, Tomaz MA, Matsumoto PK, Langone F, Lora S, Melo PA, Borojevic R, Han SW, Martinez AM (2011) Enhancement of sciatic-nerve regeneration after VEGF gene therapy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01159.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Radtke C, Wewetzer K, Reimers K, Vogt PM (2011) Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells as adjunct cell therapy for peripheral nerve injury. Cell Transplant 20(2):145â152
Rao P, Kotwal PP, Farooque M, Dinda AK (2001) Muscle autografts in nerve gaps. Pattern of regeneration and myelination in various lengths of graft: an experimental study in guinea pigs. J Orthop Sci 6:527â534
RodrĂguez FJ, VerdĂș E, Ceballos D, Navarro X (2000) Nerve guides seeded with autologous Schwann cells improve nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 1612:571â584
Sakamoto T, Kawazoe Y, Shen JS, Takeda Y, Arakawa Y, Ogawa J, Oyanagi K, Ohashi T, Watanabe K, Inoue K, Eto Y, Watabe K (2003) Adenoviral gene transfer of GDNF, BDNF and TGF beta 2, but not CNTF, cardiotrophin-1 or IGF1, protects injured adult motoÂneurons after facial nerve avulsion. J Neurosci Res 72:54â64
Schratzberger P, Schratzberger G, Silver M, Curry C, Kearney M, Magner M, Alroy J, Adelman LS, Weinberg DH, Ropper AH, Isner JM (2000) Favorable effect of VEGF gene transfer on ischemic peripheral neuropathy. Nat Med 6:405â413
Siemionow M, Brzezicki G (2009) Chapter 8: Current techniques and concepts in peripheral nerve repair. Int Rev Neurobiol 87:141â172
Siemionow M, Demir Y, Mukherjee AL (2010) Repair of peripheral nerve defects with epineural sheath grafts. Ann Plast Surg 65:546â554
Sondell M, Sundler F, Kanje M (2000) Vascular endoÂthelial growth factor is a neurotrophic factor which stimulates axonal outgrowth through the flk-1 receptor. Eur J Neurosci 12:4243â4254
Thuret S, Moon LD, Gage FH (2006) Therapeutic interventions after spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:628â643
Unezaki S, Yoshii S, Mabuchi T, Saito A, Ito S (2009) Effects of neurotrophic factors on nerve regeneration monitored by in vivo imaging in thy1-YFP transgenic mice. J Neurosci Methods 178:308â315
Wakao S, Hayashi T, Kitada M, Kohama M, Matsue D, Teramoto N, Ose T, Itokazu Y, Koshino K, Watabe H, Iida H, Takamoto T, Tabata Y, Dezawa M (2010) Long-term observation of auto-cell transplantation in non-human primate reveals safety and efficiency of bone marrow stromal cell-derived Schwann cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 223:537â547
Walsh SK, Gordon T, Addas BMJ, Kemp SWP, Midha R (2010) Skin-derived precursor cells enhance peripheral nerve regeneration following chronic denervation. Exp Neurol 223:221â228
Walton RL, Brown RE, Matory WE Jr, Borah GL, Dolph JL (1989) Autogenous vein graft repair of digital nerve defects in the finger: a retrospective clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg 84:944â952
Whittlesey KJ, Shea L (2006) Nerve growth factor expression by PLG-mediated lipofection. Biomaterials 27:2477â2486
Wong AY, Scott JJ (1991) Functional recovery following direct or graft repair of nerve gaps in the rat. Exp Neurol 114:364â366
Zhang Z, Soucacos PN, Beris AE (1999) Evaluation of collateral sprouting after end-to-side nerve coaptation using a fluorescent double-labeling technique. Microsurgery 19:281â286
Zhang J, Lineaweaver WC, Oswald T, Chen Z, Chen Z, Zhang F (2004) Ciliary neurotrophic factor for acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration: an experimental study. J Reconstr Microsurg 20:323â327
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oliveira, J.T., Almeida, F.M., Martinez, A.M.B. (2012). Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Traumatic Injury and Stem-Cell Therapy. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 5. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2900-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2900-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2899-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2900-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)