Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases can be classified as one of two types – restricted or multifunctional. This family of kinases contains several structural similarities: all possess a calmodulin binding motif and an autoinhibitory region. In addition, all of the calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates or inhibits their kinase activity. However, as the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases are ubiquitously expressed, yet regulate a broad range of cellular functions, additional levels of regulation that control these cell-specific functions must exist. These additional layers of control include gene expression, signaling pathways, and expression of binding proteins and molecular targeting. All of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter appear to be regulated by these additional layers of control, however, this does not appear to be the case for the restricted kinases.
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Abbreviations
- α-KAP:
-
αCaMKII anchoring protein
- aa:
-
Amino acid
- ADP:
-
Adenosine-5′-diphosphate
- AMPK:
-
AMP-activated protein kinase
- APC:
-
Adenomatous polyposis coli-associated protein
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- Ca2+ :
-
Calcium ions
- CaM:
-
Calmodulin
- CaMK:
-
Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinases
- CaMKI:
-
Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase I
- CaMKII:
-
Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase II
- CaMKIII:
-
Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase III
- CaMKIV:
-
Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase IV
- CaMKK:
-
Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase kinase
- CK1:
-
Casein kinase 1
- CLK2:
-
CDC-like kinase 2
- eEF2K:
-
Elongation factor 2 kinase
- G:
-
Glycine
- GSK-3:
-
Glycogen synthase kinase 3
- HSF1:
-
Heat shock factor 1
- kDa:
-
Kilodalton
- MAPKAP-K2/K3:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2/kinase 3
- MDa:
-
Megadalton
- Mg2+ :
-
Magnesium ions
- MLCK:
-
Myosin light chain kinase
- mRNA:
-
Messenger ribonucleic acid
- PhK:
-
Phosphorylase kinase
- PKA:
-
cAMP-dependent protein kinase
- PKB:
-
Protein kinase B; Akt
- PP2A:
-
Protein phosphatase 2A
- PSD:
-
Post-synaptic density
- RLC:
-
Regulatory light chain
- RSK:
-
Ribosomal S6 kinase
- S:
-
Serine
- S6K1:
-
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1
- SAPK4:
-
Stress activated protein kinase 4
- T:
-
Threonine
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Skelding, K.A., Rostas, J.A.P. (2012). The Role of Molecular Regulation and Targeting in Regulating Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases. In: Islam, M. (eds) Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 740. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_31
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