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Elementary Calcium Release Events from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in the Heart

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Book cover Calcium Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 740))

Abstract

Ca2+ release events underlie global Ca2+ signaling yet they are regulated by local, subcellular signaling features. Here we review the latest developments of different elementary Ca2+ release features that include Ca2+ sparks, Ca2+ blinks (the corresponding depletion of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during a spark) and the recently identified small Ca2+ release events called quarky SR Ca2+ release (QCR). QCR events arise from the opening of only a few type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) – possibly only one. Recent reports suggest that QCR events can be commingled with Ca2+ sparks and may thus explain some variations observed in Ca2+ sparks. The Ca2+ spark termination mechanism and the number of RyR2 channels activated during a Ca2+ spark will be discussed with respect to both Ca2+ sparks and QCR events.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Action potential

CICR:

Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release

CRU:

Ca2+ release unit

EC coupling:

Excitation-contraction coupling

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FWHM:

Full-width at half maximum

LCC:

L-type Ca2+ channel

QCD:

Quarky SR Ca2+ depletion

QCR:

Quarky SR Ca2+ release

RyR2:

Type 2 ryanodine receptor

SR:

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

fSR:

Free SR

jSR:

Junctional SR

SERCA2a:

SR/ER Ca2+ ATPase2a

TT:

T-tubule

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Didier X. P. Brochet & W. Jonathan Lederer

  2. Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Dongmei Yang

  3. Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Heping Cheng

Authors
  1. Didier X. P. Brochet
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  2. Dongmei Yang
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  3. Heping Cheng
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  4. W. Jonathan Lederer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Didier X. P. Brochet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Clinical Sciences and Educ, Karolinska Institutet, Tulegatan 26, Stockholm, SE-118 83, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

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Brochet, D.X.P., Yang, D., Cheng, H., Lederer, W.J. (2012). Elementary Calcium Release Events from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in the Heart. In: Islam, M. (eds) Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 740. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_21

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