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Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine pp 215–234Cite as

Role of Mitochondrial Function in Insulin Resistance

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 942))

Abstract

The obesity pandemic increases the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM2).

DM2 develops when pancreatic β-cells fail and cannot compensate for the decrease in insulin sensitivity. How excessive caloric intake and weight gain cause insulin resistance has not completely been elucidated.

Skeletal muscle is responsible for a major part of insulin stimulated whole-body glucose disposal and, hence, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

It has been hypothesized that skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid metabolites leading to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. However, findings on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in relation to insulin resistance in human subjects are inconclusive. Differences in mitochondrial activity can be the result of several factors, including a reduced mitochondrial density, differences in insulin stimulated mitochondrial respiration, lower energy demand or reduced skeletal muscle perfusion, besides an intrinsic mitochondrial defect. The inconclusive results may be explained by the use of different techniques and study populations. Also, mitochondrial capacity is in far excess to meet energy requirements and therefore it may be questioned whether a reduced mitochondrial capacity limits mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Whether reduced mitochondrial function is causally related to insulin resistance or rather a consequence of the sedentary lifestyle remains to be elucidated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, F5-167, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Myrte Brands & Mireille J. Serlie

  2. Department of medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Arthur J. Verhoeven

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  1. Myrte Brands
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  2. Arthur J. Verhoeven
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  3. Mireille J. Serlie
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Correspondence to Mireille J. Serlie .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical B, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Roberto Scatena

  2. School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical B, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Patrizia Bottoni

  3. School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical B, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Bruno Giardina

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Brands, M., Verhoeven, A.J., Serlie, M.J. (2012). Role of Mitochondrial Function in Insulin Resistance. In: Scatena, R., Bottoni, P., Giardina, B. (eds) Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 942. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_9

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