Abstract
It is observed from the previous chapters that the processes of water evaporation and condensation are of great importance in the fractionation of isotopes of natural waters. At the same time, the evaporation is primarily an attribute of surface conditions. It might occur in shallow underground waters but it is generally agreed by hydrogeologists that groundwater evaporation does not occur on a regional scale (Zaitsev 1967; Stankevich 1968; Smirnov 1971); however, in local zones, the underground evaporation is likely to take place. An example of such phenomenon is the evaporation of groundwater accompanying oil and gaseous deposits (Sultanov 1961). As a rule, these processes of water evaporation occur at elevated temperatures (~80°C). In this case, the isotopic fractionation factors are α D = 1.032 and \({\alpha}_{18_{{\text{O}}}}=1.0042.\) The vapor phase differs insignificantly in isotopic composition from layer waters to a deposit. The water vapor which has been formed migrates with oil gases. During the migration of the vapor–gaseous mixture through porous layers at lower temperatures, underground fresh water deposits with mineralization less than 1 g/l and δD and δ 18O values greater than those which are characteristic of meteoric waters might form.
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Notes
- 1.
The work was undertaken to refute that the above-mentioned brines are deep ore-bearing fluids.
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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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Ferronsky, V.I., Polyakov, V.A. (2012). Isotopic Composition of Formation Waters. In: Isotopes of the Earth's Hydrosphere. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2856-1_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2856-1_7
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